The present invention describes an improved catalytic reactor system with an improved catalyst that transforms CO.sub.2 and low carbon H.sub.2 into low-carbon syngas with greater than an 80% CO.sub.2 conversion efficiency, resulting in the reduction of plant capital and operating costs compared to processes described in the current art. The inside surface of the adiabatic catalytic reactors is lined with an insulating, non-reactive surface which does not react with the syngas and effect catalyst performance. The improved catalyst is robust, has a high CO.sub.2 conversion efficiency, and exhibits little or no degradation in performance over long periods of operation. The low-carbon syngas is used to produce low-carbon fuels (e.g., diesel fuel, jet fuel, gasoline, kerosene, others), chemicals, and other products resulting in a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel derived products.

A process can be used for the treatment of an offgas stream, which is formed in a plant for the production of aluminum by electrolytic reduction of aluminum oxide in a melt, using at least one anode composed of a carbon-containing material. The offgas stream contains carbon oxides due to the reduction of the aluminum oxide by the carbon. At least a substream of the carbon oxides contained in the offgas stream is reacted with hydrogen or mixed with a hydrogen stream and is subsequently passed to a use. After purification and conditioning of the offgas stream in a device, an enrichment, for example with carbon monoxide, can subsequently be carried out in a reactor and the synthesis gas obtained in this way can be fed to a chemical or biotechnological plant for the synthesis of chemicals of value.

A process can be used for the treatment of an offgas stream, which is formed in a plant for the production of aluminum by electrolytic reduction of aluminum oxide in a melt, using at least one anode composed of a carbon-containing material. The offgas stream contains carbon oxides due to the reduction of the aluminum oxide by the carbon. At least a substream of the carbon oxides contained in the offgas stream is reacted with hydrogen or mixed with a hydrogen stream and is subsequently passed to a use. After purification and conditioning of the offgas stream in a device, an enrichment, for example with carbon monoxide, can subsequently be carried out in a reactor and the synthesis gas obtained in this way can be fed to a chemical or biotechnological plant for the synthesis of chemicals of value.

A process for the production of syngas, the process comprising (i) reacting at least a portion of carbon dioxide with hydrogen within an initial reactor to produce an initial product stream including carbon monoxide, water, unreacted carbon dioxide, and unreacted hydrogen; and (ii) reacting at least a portion of the unreacted carbon dioxide and unreacted hydrogen within a reactor downstream of the first reactor to thereby produce a product stream including carbon monoxide, water, unreacted carbon dioxide, and unreacted hydrogen.

A process for the production of syngas, the process comprising (i) reacting at least a portion of carbon dioxide with hydrogen within an initial reactor to produce an initial product stream including carbon monoxide, water, unreacted carbon dioxide, and unreacted hydrogen; and (ii) reacting at least a portion of the unreacted carbon dioxide and unreacted hydrogen within a reactor downstream of the first reactor to thereby produce a product stream including carbon monoxide, water, unreacted carbon dioxide, and unreacted hydrogen.

A negative electrode and a secondary battery including the negative electrode, the negative electrode includes a negative electrode active material layer, the negative electrode active material layer includes a negative electrode active material, the negative electrode active material includes a carbon-based negative electrode active material particles. Each carbon-based negative electrode active material particle includes a core comprising a plurality of flake artificial graphite primary particles; natural graphite present on the core; and an amorphous carbon-based material, wherein the natural graphite is present in the carbon-based negative electrode active material particles in an amount of 10 wt % to 30 wt %, and the carbon-based negative electrode active material particles have a sphericity of 0.78 to 0.83.

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the utilization of carbon dioxide into high quality synthesis gas that can then be used to produce fuels (e.g., diesel fuel) and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a product gas comprising carbon monoxide and water.

The present invention describes a processes, systems, and catalysts for the utilization of carbon dioxide into high quality synthesis gas that can then be used to produce fuels (e.g., diesel fuel) and chemicals. In one aspect, the present invention provides a process for the conversion of a feed gas comprising carbon dioxide and hydrogen to a product gas comprising carbon monoxide and water.

A method for producing carbon monoxide includes decomposing formic acid, in the presence of water, by hydrothermal reaction under conditions with a temperature T of 350° C. or less and a pressure P being equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure of water at the temperature T.

A method for producing carbon monoxide includes decomposing formic acid, in the presence of water, by hydrothermal reaction under conditions with a temperature T of 350° C. or less and a pressure P being equal to or more than the saturated vapor pressure of water at the temperature T.