A process for providing a carbon monoxide-containing stream involves a separation of synthesis gas into a hydrogen-rich gas stream and a carbon monoxide-rich gas stream containing carbon monoxide to an extent of 85% by volume or more. The separation is effected in an arrangement composed of three membrane separation stages. Prior to the performance of the membrane separation, the synthesis gas is pretreated for removal of secondary components present in the synthesis gas.

A catalytic burner arrangement is provided including at least a catalytic burner unit with a housing having a reaction chamber in which a catalyst is arranged, wherein the catalyst is adapted to react a fuel, particularly a hydrogen containing fluid, with an oxidant, particularly air, for producing heat, the housing having a fluid inlet for supplying a fluid stream into the housing and a find outlet for exiting a fluid stream from the housing, and the catalytic burner arrangement further includes a mixing unit forming a mixing chamber in which fuel and oxidant are mixed, wherein the mixing device includes a fuel inlet, an oxidant inlet and an fuel-oxidant-mixture outlet, and wherein the fluid inlet of the catalytic burner unit merges with the fuel-oxidant-outlet of the mixing unit for transferring the fuel-oxidant-mixture from the mixing chamber to the reaction chamber of the catalytic burner unit wherein the fuel-oxidant-outlet of the mixing chamber is pipe-shaped and extents into the mixing chamber of the mixing unit, and wherein a length of the pipe-shaped fuel-oxidant-outlet extents over the oxidant inlet and/or the fuel inlet.

A method for producing a homogenous molten composition and a fluid product is disclosed. For example, the method includes producing a first molten metal composition in an enclosed volume, contacting a hydrocarbon reactant with the first molten metal composition, decomposing the hydrocarbon reactant into at least one fluid product and carbon, forming a metal alloy from a mixture of the carbon and the first molten metal composition, and separating a homogenous second molten composition from the metal alloy.

An engine system for internal combustion and reformation of a fuel includes an engine, and a reforming reactor. The engine comprising an intake manifold for receiving a first fuel and an exhaust manifold for releasing an exhaust gas. The reforming reactor includes a first end portion, a second end, a wall having an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface defines an interior cavity for receiving the first fuel, a second fuel, reactants for the first fuel, or combinations thereof. The exhaust manifold of the system is sized and shaped for receiving a portion of the reforming reactor such that the exhaust gas flows along a surface of the reforming reactor within the exhaust manifold.

A process of hydrogen production comprising the steps of: subjecting a gaseous mixture comprising a hydrocarbon and steam, and having a steam to carbon ratio of at least 0.9:1, to adiabatic pre-reforming in a pre-reformer followed by autothermal reforming with an oxygen-rich gas in an autothermal reformer to generate a reformed gas mixture, optionally adding steam to the reformed gas mixture, increasing the hydrogen content of the reformed gas mixture by subjecting it to one or more water-gas shift stages in a water-gas shift unit to provide a hydrogen-enriched reformed gas, cooling the hydrogen-enriched reformed gas and separating condensed water therefrom, passing the resulting de-watered hydrogen-enriched reformed gas to a carbon dioxide separation unit to provide a carbon dioxide gas stream and a crude hydrogen gas stream, passing the crude hydrogen gas stream to a purification unit to provide a purified hydrogen gas and a fuel gas.

A butadiene production system and a butadiene production method are provided in which butadiene can be produced with a high yield. The butadiene production system (1) includes: a gas preparation device (10) that heats raw materials to prepare a mixed gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide; an ethanol production device (12) that is provided downstream of the gas preparation device (10) and brings the mixed gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide into contact with a first catalyst to obtain ethanol; a butadiene production device (16) that is provided downstream of the ethanol production device (12) and brings the ethanol into contact with a second catalyst to obtain butadiene; and return means (18) for returning hydrogen, which is produced as a by-product in the butadiene production device (16), to the ethanol production device (12). In addition, in the butadiene production method, the butadiene production system (1) is used.

Provided is a process capable of converting the cokes on spent catalysts in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process into synthesis gas. The produced synthesis gas contains high concentrations of CO and H.sub.2 and may be utilized in many downstream applications such as syngas fermentation for alcohol production, hydrogen production and synthesis of chemical intermediates. A reducer/regenerator reactor for a fluid catalytic process comprising a chemical looping system to produce synthesis gas is also described.

Embodiments include a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel.

Integrated methods and systems are disclosed for the production of dimethyl ether. The method may include reforming natural gas to syngas in a first reactor; contacting the syngas produced in the first reactor with a catalyst system in a second reactor to produce dimethyl ether and carbon dioxide; and supplying steam as a cofeed to at least one of the first reactor and the second reactor in an amount sufficient to achieve a M.sub.m value of 1.4 to 1.8 or to improve the hydrocarbon or oxygenate selectivity.

Proposed are a process and a plant for producing a synthesis gas product stream having an adjustable H.sub.2/CO ratio and a pure hydrogen stream, wherein it is provided according to the invention that a substream of a deacidified synthesis gas stream is supplied to a membrane separation plant fitted with a hydrogen-selective membrane and the remaining substream is supplied to a pressure swing adsorption plant, wherein the latter affords a pure hydrogen stream and a fuel gas stream. The hydrogen-enriched permeate stream obtained from the membrane separation is likewise supplied to the pressure swing adsorption plant, thus enhancing the yield of pure hydrogen. The hydrogen-depleted retentate stream obtained from the membrane separation is discharged as a synthesis gas product stream and if of a suitable composition may be utilized as oxo gas.