The present invention relates to elastomer compositions comprising adducts between compounds of formula (I) preferably derived from natural sources such as mucic, pyromucic, glucaric, glycaric, galactaric, muconic acid and/or linear derivatives thereof containing ester or amide groups and/or cyclic derivatives thereof with heteroatoms in the ring, such as oxygen or nitrogen, and carbon allotropes in which the carbon is sp.sup.2 hybridized, such as for example carbon nanotubes, graphene or nanographites, carbon black.

Method for making a porous graphene layer of a thickness of less than 100 nm with pores having an average size in the range of 5-900 nm, includes the following steps: providing a catalytically active substrate catalyzing graphene formation under chemical vapor deposition conditions, the catalytically active substrate in or on its surface being provided with a plurality of catalytically inactive domains having a size essentially corresponding to the size of the pores in the resultant porous graphene layer; chemical vapor deposition using a carbon source in the gas phase and formation of the porous graphene layer on the surface of the catalytically active substrate. The pores in the graphene layer are in situ formed due to the presence of the catalytically inactive domains.

A method of forming a liquid dispersion of 2D material/graphitic nanoplatelets in an aqueous solution is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of (1) creating a dispersing medium; (2) mixing the 2D material/graphitic nanoplatelets into the dispersing medium; and (3) subjecting the 2D material/graphitic nanoplatelets to sufficient shear forces and or crushing forces to reduce the particle size of the 2D material/graphitic nanoplatelets using a mechanical means. The liquid dispersion comprises the 2D material/graphitic nanoplatelets, at least one grinding media, water, and at least one wetting agent, and that the at least one grinding media is water soluble or functionalised to be water soluble.

The present invention provides a graphene structure having graphene bubbles and a preparation method for the same. The preparation method comprises: providing a substrate; forming a hydrogen terminated layer on a top surface of the substrate and a graphene layer disposed on a top surface of the hydrogen terminated layer; and placing a probe on the graphene layer and applying a preset voltage to the probe, to excite a part of the hydrogen terminated layer at a position corresponding to the probe to convert into hydrogen, the hydrogen causing the graphene layer at a position corresponding to the hydrogen to bulge, so as to form a graphene bubble enveloping the hydrogen.

The present invention provides a method for the manufacture of graphene oxide from Kish graphite.

The invention, belonging to the field of membrane technology, presents a method for the direct growth of ultrathin porous graphene separation membranes. Etching agent, organic solvent and polymer are coated on metal foil, and then they are calcined at high temperature in absence of oxygen; after removal of metal substrate and reaction products, single-layered or multi-layered porous graphene membranes are obtained. Alternatively, the dispersion or solution of etching agent is coated on metal foil, on which a polymer film is then overlaid. The obtained sample is subsequently calcined at high temperature in absence of oxygen; after removal of metal substrate and reaction products, single-layered or multi-layered porous graphene membranes are obtained. The method involved in this invention is simple and highly efficient, and allows direct growth of ultrathin porous graphene separation membranes, without needing expensive apparatuses, chemicals and graphene raw material. Additionally, the graphene membranes prepared with this method have controlled pore size, ultrahigh water flux and strong resistance to irreversible fouling.

A method for preparing a graphite film includes steps of preparing a carbonized frame carbonized at a temperature Ta, and an aromatic polyimide film or a carbonized film of the aromatic polyimide film carbonized at a temperature Tb, assembling the carbonized frame and the aromatic polyimide film or the carbonized film of the aromatic polyimide film into an intermediary body, carbonizing the intermediary body 1 at a temperature Td to produce a carbonized intermediary body, and graphitizing the carbonized intermediary body to produce the graphite film. The temperature Ta is larger than the temperature Tb and the temperature Tb is smaller than the temperature Td. The graphite film has a surface roughness expressed as an arithmetic mean height Sa of less than 18 nm, a thickness of 5 nm or more and less than 10 μm, and an area of 1.0 cm.sup.2 or more and less than 500 cm.sup.2.

Disclosed herein are graphene coatings characterized by a porous, three-dimensional, spherical structure having a hollow core, along with methods for forming such graphene coatings on glasses, glass-ceramics, ceramics, and crystalline materials. Such coatings can be further coated with organic or inorganic layers and are useful in chemical and electronic applications.

A battery system comprising: an anode composed of a non-toxic biocompatible metal; a first printable carbon-based current collector comprising biocompatible multiple few layer graphene (FLG) sheets in electrical contact with and extending from the anode; a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical mesoporous carbon-based cathode including an open porous structure configured to catalyze an active material via gas diffusion; a polymer-based barrier film deposited on the 3D hierarchical mesoporous carbon-based cathode, the polymer-based barrier film configured to prevent oxygen from entering the open porous structure while deposited on the 3D hierarchical mesoporous carbon-based cathode; a second printable carbon-based current collector comprising biocompatible multiple few layer graphene (FLG) sheets in electrical contact with and extending from the cathode; and an electrolyte layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, the electrolyte layer configured to activate the battery system when released into one or both of the anode and the cathode.

Disclosed herein is a composite material that is formed from a polymer, acetylated collagen and graphene, which can be used as a super-capacitor material. Also disclosed herein are methods of making said composite material and its intermediates, as well as a supercapacitor made using said material.