A two-dimensional film (such as graphene) is formed on a surface of a growth substrate. A first surface of the two-dimensional film adheres to the growth substrate, and a second surface of the two-dimensional film is then coated with a conforming carrier layer comprising ethylene vinyl acetate. The surface of the growth substrate is etched to release the two-dimensional film with the conforming carrier layer from the growth substrate, wherein the conforming carrier layer maintains the integrity of the two-dimensional film during and after its release from the growth substrate. The first surface of the two-dimensional film with the conforming carrier layer coating is then applied onto a target substrate to form a graphene coating on the target substrate. The conforming carrier layer is then removed from the two-dimensional film by exposing the conforming carrier layer to a solvent while the two-dimensional film is coating the target substrate.

Provided is a vapor-based heat transfer apparatus (e.g. a vapor chamber or a heat pipe), comprising: a hollow structure having a hollow chamber enclosed inside a sealed envelope or container made of a thermally conductive material, a wick structure in contact with one or a plurality of walls of the hollow structure, and a working liquid within the hollow structure and in contact with the wick structure, wherein the wick structure comprises a graphene material and the hollow structure walls comprise an evaporator wall having a first surface plane and a condenser wall having a second surface plane, wherein multiple sheets of the graphene material in the wick structure are aligned to be substantially parallel to one another and perpendicular to at least one of the first surface plane and the second surface plane. Also provided is a process for producing this apparatus.

The present invention relates to a process for exfoliating graphite in carbonaceous materials facilitated by a Diels-Alder reaction, and the applications of same, in particular for producing electronic or microelectronic components such as transparent conductive electrodes. The inventive method comprises a Diels-Alder reaction between a material containing graphite and an anthrone compound represented by formula (I), wherein X, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined in the description, in an organic solvent, in the presence of a base, and subjected to sonication, ball-milling and/or high-shear mixing, at a temperature of between 15° C. and 65° C., to obtain the corresponding graphene Diels-Alder adduct.

The present disclosure provides a method of graphene exfoliation and/or stabilization. Both graphene and silica are mixed in an organic solvent to form a liquid precursor, which is then directed through an orifice formed by a metal cylinder and a flat metal plate. The metal cylinder is pressed against the flat metal plate by a high pressure. The high shear between the metal cylinder and the flat metal plate breaks down the thick layers of graphene to thin layers, which are stably dispersed in the gel formed by the silica.

A method of producing graphene sheets directly from graphite mineral (graphite rock) powder, comprising: (a) forming an intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical intercalation procedure conducted in an intercalation reactor, containing (i) a liquid solution electrolyte comprising an intercalating agent and a graphene plane-wetting agent dissolved therein; (ii) a working electrode that contains the graphite material powder as an active material; and (iii) a counter-electrode, and wherein a current is imposed upon the working electrode and counter electrode at a current density sufficient for effecting electrochemical intercalation of the intercalating agent and/or wetting agent into interlayer spacing, wherein the wetting agent is selected from melamine, ammonium sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Na(ethylenediamine), tetraalkylammonium salts, ammonia, carbamide, hexamethylenetetramine, organic amine, poly(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate), or a combination thereof; and (b) exfoliating and separating the intercalated graphite compound using ultrasonication, thermal shock exposure, and/or a mechanical shearing treatment to produce graphene sheets.

A thermal interface material under a high vacuum condition includes a graphite sheet having a thickness of from 9.6 μm to 50 nm and a thermal conductivity in an a-b surface direction at 25° C. of not less than 1000 W/mK.

In order to prepare highly conductive and highly dispersible graphene and obtain an electrode for a lithium ion battery with good output characteristics and cycle characteristics, there is provided a graphene composition containing thiourea, the element ratio of sulfur to carbon being 0.04 or more and 0.12 or less in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement.

Graphite-based devices with a reduced characteristic dimension and methods for forming such devices are provided. One or more thin films are deposited onto a substrate and undesired portions of the deposited thin film or thin films are removed to produce processed elements with reduced characteristic dimensions. Graphene layers are generated on selected processed elements or exposed portions of the substrate after removal of the processed elements. Multiple sets of graphene layers can be generated, each with a different physical characteristic, thereby producing a graphite-based device with multiple functionalities in the same device.

A method of producing graphene sheets directly from graphite mineral (graphite rock) powder, comprising: (a) forming an intercalated graphite compound by an electrochemical intercalation procedure conducted in an intercalation reactor, containing (i) a liquid solution electrolyte comprising an intercalating agent and a graphene plane-wetting agent dissolved therein; (ii) a working electrode that contains the graphite material powder as an active material; and (iii) a counter-electrode, and wherein a current is imposed upon the working electrode and counter electrode at a current density sufficient for effecting electrochemical intercalation of the intercalating agent and/or wetting agent into interlayer spacing, wherein the wetting agent is selected from melamine, ammonium sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Na(ethylenediamine), tetraalkyammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hexamethylenetetramine, organic amine, poly(sodium-4-styrene sulfonate), or a combination thereof; and (b) exfoliating and separating the intercalated graphite compound using ultrasonication, thermal shock exposure, and/or a mechanical shearing treatment to produce graphene sheets.

A method for the manufacture of reduced graphene oxide from kish graphite including: A. The provision of kish graphite, B. Optionally, a pre-treatment of kish graphite, C. The intercalation of kish graphite with a persulfate salt and an acid at room temperature to obtain intercalated kish graphite, D. The expansion of the intercalated kish graphite to obtain expanded kish graphite and E. An oxidation step of the expanded kish graphite to obtain graphene oxide and F. A reduction of graphene oxide into reduced graphene oxide.