The disclosure provides for crystalline graphene nanoribbon-covalent organic frameworks (GNR-COFs) that have a two-dimensional (2D) sheet or film morphology, methods of making thereof, and uses thereof.

A nanomaterial ribbon patterning method includes: forming a first nanomaterial layer having a first threshold strain on an upper surface of a substrate; forming a second nanomaterial layer on an upper surface of the first nanomaterial layer; forming a thin layer having a second threshold strain smaller than the first threshold strain on an upper surface of the second nanomaterial layer; generating plural cracks on the thin layer and the second nanomaterial layer by applying tensile force to the substrate; placing a mask on an upper surface of the thin layer; removing the mask and peeling off the sacrificial layer on the upper surface of the thin layer; and removing the sacrificial layer to form a nanomaterial ribbon pattern.

A graphene nanoribbon precursor having a structural formula represented by a following chemical formula (1), wherein in the following chemical formula (1): n is an integer greater than or equal to 0; X is bromine, iodine or chlorine; and Y is hydrogen or fluorine.

Provided herein are graphene nanoribbons with high structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Also provided herein are graphene nanoplatelets of superior structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Further provided herein are mixtures of graphene nanoribbons and graphene nanoplatelets of good structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. The method includes, for example, the steps of depositing catalyst on a constantly moving substrate, forming carbon nanotubes on the substrate, separating carbon nanotubes from the substrate, collecting the carbon nanotubes from the surface where the substrate moves continuously and sequentially through the depositing, forming, separating and collecting steps. Further processing steps convert the synthesized carbon nanotubes to graphene nanoribbons, graphene nanoplatelets and mixtures thereof.

Provided herein are graphene nanoribbons with high structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Also provided herein are graphene nanoplatelets of superior structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Further provided herein are mixtures of graphene nanoribbons and graphene nanoplatelets of good structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. The method includes, for example, the steps of depositing catalyst on a constantly moving substrate, forming carbon nanotubes on the substrate, separating carbon nanotubes from the substrate, collecting the carbon nanotubes from the surface where the substrate moves continuously and sequentially through the depositing, forming, separating and collecting steps. Further processing steps convert the synthesized carbon nanotubes to graphene nanoribbons, graphene nanoplatelets and mixtures thereof.

Inter-allotropic transformations of carbon are provided using moderate conditions including alternating voltage pulses and modest temperature elevation. By controlling the pulse magnitude, small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes are transformed into larger-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes of different morphologies, and multi-layered graphene nanoribbons.

Provided herein are graphene nanoribbons with high structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Also provided herein are graphene nanoplatelets of superior structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. Further provided herein are mixtures of graphene nanoribbons and graphene nanoplatelets of good structural uniformity and low levels of impurities and methods of synthesis thereof. The method includes, for example, the steps of depositing catalyst on a constantly moving substrate, forming carbon nanotubes on the substrate, separating carbon nanotubes from the substrate, collecting the carbon nanotubes from the surface where the substrate moves continuously and sequentially through the depositing, forming, separating and collecting steps. Further processing steps convert the synthesized carbon nanotubes to graphene nanoribbons, graphene nanoplatelets and mixtures thereof.

Disclosed is a method for the manufacture of a multilayer structure comprising a first layer, a second layer and a third layer for example to form a capacitor. The multilayer structure comprises a first layer, a second layer and a third layer, wherein the first layer and the third layer each form at least one of at least two electrodes and comprise one or more pyrolyzed carbon nanomembranes or one or more layers of graphene, and the second layer is a dielectric comprising one or more carbon nanomembranes.

Provided is polycrystalline diamond having a diamond single phase as basic composition, in which the polycrystalline diamond includes a plurality of crystal grains and contains boron, at least either of nitrogen and silicon, and a remainder including carbon and trace impurities; the boron is dispersed in the crystal grains at an atomic level, and greater than or equal to 90 atomic % of the boron is present in an isolated substitutional type; the nitrogen and the silicon are present in an isolated substitutional type or an interstitial type in the crystal grains; each of the crystal grains has a grain size of less than or equal to 500 nm; and the polycrystalline diamond has a surface covered with a protective film.

A method of forming a graphene nanoribbon includes: 1) providing monomeric precursors each including an alkyne moiety and at least one aromatic moiety bonded to the alkyne moiety; 2) polymerizing the monomeric precursors to form a polymer; and 3) converting the polymer to a graphene nanoribbon.