High molecular weight (HMW) gases are separated from an exhaust gas of a combustion source using a blower and an interior vent within the exhaust stack. The interior vent includes a vent wall having a top portion attached to the interior surface of the exhaust stack along the entire inner perimeter of the exhaust stack and a lower portion that extends downward into the exhaust stack to form an annular space or gap between the vent wall and the interior surface of the exhaust stack, and at least one opening in the interior surface of the exhaust stack between the top and bottom portions of the vent wall. The blower creates a tangential flow of the exhaust gas with sufficient centrifugal force to concentrate substantially all of the HMW gases along the inner surface of the exhaust stack. A transfer pipe removes the HMW gases from the interior vent.

Methods and systems for converting a biomass and biogenic wastes to hydrogen with integrated carbon dioxide capture and storage are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include the following: mixing at least one of a dry solid or liquid or liquid hydroxide and catalysts with a biomass to form a biomass mixture; heating the biomass mixture until the hydroxide and the biomass react to produce hydrogen, carbonate, biochar, and potentially fertilizer; calcining the carbonate or performing double replacement reactions of the carbonate to produce sequestration-ready carbon dioxide and a hydroxide; storing the carbon dioxide produced; transferring the hydrogen produced to a fuel cell; and generating electricity with the fuel cell.

Methods and systems for converting a biomass and biogenic wastes to hydrogen with integrated carbon dioxide capture and storage are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include the following: mixing at least one of a dry solid or liquid or liquid hydroxide and catalysts with a biomass to form a biomass mixture; heating the biomass mixture until the hydroxide and the biomass react to produce hydrogen, carbonate, biochar, and potentially fertilizer; calcining the carbonate or performing double replacement reactions of the carbonate to produce sequestration-ready carbon dioxide and a hydroxide; storing the carbon dioxide produced; transferring the hydrogen produced to a fuel cell; and generating electricity with the fuel cell.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods of producing lithium carbonate. The lithium carbonate can be produced by contacting a lithium precursor with a carbon dioxide gas. The lithium carbonate produced from this method can include micron-sized lithium carbonate particles with nano-sized lithium carbonate particles coated on a surface of the micron-sized lithium carbonate particles.

The present disclosure is directed to systems and methods of producing lithium carbonate. The lithium carbonate can be produced by contacting a lithium precursor with a carbon dioxide gas. The lithium carbonate produced from this method can include micron-sized lithium carbonate particles with nano-sized lithium carbonate particles coated on a surface of the micron-sized lithium carbonate particles.

There are provided processes comprising submitting an aqueous composition comprising lithium sulphate and/or bisulfate to an electrolysis or an electrodialysis for converting at least a portion of said sulphate into lithium hydroxide. During electrolysis or electrodialysis, the aqueous composition is at least substantially maintained at a pH having a value of about 1 to about 4; and converting said lithium hydroxide into lithium carbonate. Alternatively, lithium sulfate and/or lithium bisulfate can be submitted to a first electromembrane process that comprises a two-compartment membrane process for conversion of lithium sulfate and/or lithium bisulfate to lithium hydroxide, and obtaining a first lithium-reduced aqueous stream and a first lithium hydroxide-enriched aqueous stream; and submitting said first lithium-reduced aqueous stream to a second electromembrane process comprising a three-compartment membrane process to prepare at least a further portion of lithium hydroxide and obtaining a second lithium-reduced aqueous stream and a second lithium-hydroxide enriched aqueous stream.

There are provided processes comprising submitting an aqueous composition comprising lithium sulphate and/or bisulfate to an electrolysis or an electrodialysis for converting at least a portion of said sulphate into lithium hydroxide. During electrolysis or electrodialysis, the aqueous composition is at least substantially maintained at a pH having a value of about 1 to about 4; and converting said lithium hydroxide into lithium carbonate. Alternatively, lithium sulfate and/or lithium bisulfate can be submitted to a first electromembrane process that comprises a two-compartment membrane process for conversion of lithium sulfate and/or lithium bisulfate to lithium hydroxide, and obtaining a first lithium-reduced aqueous stream and a first lithium hydroxide-enriched aqueous stream; and submitting said first lithium-reduced aqueous stream to a second electromembrane process comprising a three-compartment membrane process to prepare at least a further portion of lithium hydroxide and obtaining a second lithium-reduced aqueous stream and a second lithium-hydroxide enriched aqueous stream.

The present invention pertains to a method for producing blue hydrogen, the method including the steps of: obtaining a mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide by performing a water gas shift (WGS) process with a product obtained through a steam methane reforming (SMR) process using natural gas and steam; preparing an aqueous sodium carbonate solution or an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in a dissolving tank; performing a bicarbonate reaction by introducing the mixed gas into a carbonation reactor together with the aqueous sodium carbonate solution or the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution; obtaining high-purity hydrogen gas from the carbonation reactor; and obtaining sodium bicarbonate from downstream of the carbonation reactor.

The present invention pertains to a method for producing blue hydrogen, the method including the steps of: obtaining a mixed gas containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide by performing a water gas shift (WGS) process with a product obtained through a steam methane reforming (SMR) process using natural gas and steam; preparing an aqueous sodium carbonate solution or an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in a dissolving tank; performing a bicarbonate reaction by introducing the mixed gas into a carbonation reactor together with the aqueous sodium carbonate solution or the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution; obtaining high-purity hydrogen gas from the carbonation reactor; and obtaining sodium bicarbonate from downstream of the carbonation reactor.

A CO.sub.2 recovery device (1) includes a reaction tank (10), a CO2 gas supply unit (41), and a CO.sub.2-removed gas discharge unit (42). The reaction tank (10) brings CO.sub.2 gas into contact with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution or an aqueous alkaline earth metal hydroxide solution. The CO.sub.2 gas supply unit (41) supplies the CO.sub.2 gas into the reaction tank 10. The CO.sub.2-removed gas discharge unit (42) discharges CO.sub.2-removed gas, from which CO.sub.2 has been removed, from the reaction tank (10). The CO.sub.2 gas supply unit (41) and the CO.sub.2-removed gas discharge unit (42) are attached so as to be detachably attachable to the reaction tank (10).