The present invention pertains to a process for producing captured carbon dioxide. Calcium carbonate may be reacted with sulfur dioxide to produce calcium sulfite and gaseous carbon dioxide. Calcium sulfite may be thermally decomposed to produce gaseous sulfur dioxide. The processes may be used in conjunction with combusting various fuels such as a carbonaceous fuel, or a sulfurous fuel, or a nitrogenous fuel, or a hydrogen fuel, or a combination thereof.

The present invention pertains to processes of, for example, preparing zinc oxide and other substances. In one embodiment an exemplary process pertains to reacting ammonium chloride with zinc oxide to form a zinc chloride, gaseous ammonia, and gaseous water vapor. The zinc chloride may be reacted with sulfuric acid to form a zinc sulfate and hydrochloric acid. The zinc sulfate may be decomposed to produce zinc oxide among other substances.

A basic zinc chloride particulate matter and a preparation method therefor. The basic zinc chloride particulate matter mainly consists of basic zinc chloride particles. In the basic zinc chloride particulate matter, D.sub.10>100 m, and D.sub.95>450 m. The basic zinc chloride particles do not contain adhesives. The basic zinc chloride particles contained in the basic zinc chloride particulate matter are approximately spherical, and the basic zinc chloride particles with the particle diameter >500 m in the basic zinc chloride particulate matter accounts for 1% or less of the total mass of the basic zinc chloride particulate matter.

A basic zinc chloride particulate matter and a preparation method therefor. The basic zinc chloride particulate matter mainly consists of basic zinc chloride particles. In the basic zinc chloride particulate matter, D.sub.10>100 m, and D.sub.95>450 m. The basic zinc chloride particles do not contain adhesives. The basic zinc chloride particles contained in the basic zinc chloride particulate matter are approximately spherical, and the basic zinc chloride particles with the particle diameter >500 m in the basic zinc chloride particulate matter accounts for 1% or less of the total mass of the basic zinc chloride particulate matter.

A method of improving rheological properties of a divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid at an elevated temperature comprises adding to the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid a rheological modifier, which comprises a carboxylic acid ester, or a phosphate ester blended with an ethoxylated glycol, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing in an amount effective to improve the rheological properties of the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid at a temperature of greater than about 200 F. The divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid comprises calcium bromide, calcium chloride, zinc bromide, zinc chloride, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.

A composition capable of removing chlorides from a gaseous stream and a process of using same. The compositions have sufficient chloride capacity, offer comparable creation of green oil, and have sufficient structural integrity to be utilized as sorbents in a chloride removal process. Generally, the compositions include a first zinc carbonate, a second zinc carbonate different than the first zinc carbonate and an alumina material. The composition has been cured at a temperature between about 149 to 399 C. The first zinc carbonate may comprise hydrozincite and the second zinc carbonate may comprise smithsonite.

A composition capable of removing chlorides from a gaseous stream and a process of using same. The compositions have sufficient chloride capacity, offer comparable creation of green oil, and have sufficient structural integrity to be utilized as sorbents in a chloride removal process. Generally, the compositions include a first zinc carbonate, a second zinc carbonate different than the first zinc carbonate and an alumina material. The composition has been cured at a temperature between about 149 to 399 C. The first zinc carbonate may comprise hydrozincite and the second zinc carbonate may comprise smithsonite.

The present application relates to a process for the purification of waste materials or industrial by-products, the process comprising the steps of: a) Preparing a composition (C) by blending or mixing waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) with one or more materials comprising heavy metals (HM) b) Reacting (B) and (HM) by thermal treatment of (C) c) Separating evaporated heavy metal chloride compounds (HMCC) d) Obtaining a solid material after the thermal treatment step.

The present application relates to a process for the purification of waste materials or industrial by-products, the process comprising the steps of: a) Preparing a composition (C) by blending or mixing waste materials or industrial by-products comprising chlorine (B) with one or more materials comprising heavy metals (HM) b) Reacting (B) and (HM) by thermal treatment of (C) c) Separating evaporated heavy metal chloride compounds (HMCC) d) Obtaining a solid material after the thermal treatment step.

A method of improving rheological properties of a divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid at an elevated temperature comprises adding to the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid a rheological modifier, which comprises a carboxylic acid ester, or a phosphate ester blended with an ethoxylated glycol, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing in an amount effective to improve the rheological properties of the divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid at a temperature of greater than about 200 F. The divalent brine based downhole treatment fluid comprises calcium bromide, calcium chloride, zinc bromide, zinc chloride, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing.