Security of a printed matter is enhanced, and a visual image is made clear if a latent image formed by a coating printed on a matter to be printed for a security enhancement of the printed matter becomes the visual image. A security ink pigment contains a powder. A main constituent of the powder is a perovskite-type oxide. The perovskite-type oxide has a composition expressed as a general formula of ABO.sub.3. A is mainly made of Ba. B is mainly made of Sn. The powder emits an infrared fluorescence when being irradiated with an ultraviolet excitation light. The perovskite-type oxide has a crystal lattice constant having a difference equal to or smaller than 0.002 angstrom from a theoretical crystal lattice constant of the perovskite-type oxide having a composition expressed as a composition formula of BaSnO.sub.3.

A chalcogen-containing compound of the following Chemical Formula 1 which exhibits excellent phase stability even at a low temperature, particularly at a temperature corresponding to an operating temperature of a thermoelectric element, and also exhibits a significantly superior power factor and thermoelectric performance index due to its excellent electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity caused by its unique crystal lattice structure, a method for preparing the same, and a thermoelectric element including the same. [Chemical Formula 1]—V.sub.1-2xSn.sub.4Bi.sub.2-xAg.sub.3xSe.sub.7, wherein V is vacancy and 0<x<0.5.

Embodiments of a article including include a substrate and a patterned coating are provided. In one or more embodiments, when a strain is applied to the article, the article exhibits a failure strain of 0.5% or greater. Patterned coating may include a particulate coating or may include a discontinuous coating. The patterned coating of some embodiments may cover about 20% to about 75% of the surface area of the substrate. Methods for forming such articles are also provided.

A luminescent substance particle includes BaSnO.sub.3:Zn having a perovskite-type structure, a content of Zn (zinc) being more than 0.0% by mass and less than 8.0% by mass. Alternatively, a luminescent substance particle includes BaSnO.sub.3:Mg having a perovskite-type structure, a content of Mg (magnesium) being more than 0.0% by mass and less than 0.1% by mass.

An exemplary method for producing a mixed metal chalcogenide under atmospheric pressure may include forming a reaction mixture by mixing a first metal chalcogenide and a second metal chalcogenide. An exemplary method may further include pouring a first layer of NaCl within a reactor, where an exemplary reactor may include a container and a cap. Pouring an exemplary first layer of NaCl within an exemplary reactor may include pouring an exemplary first layer of NaCl on an exemplary base end of an exemplary container of the exemplary reactor. An exemplary method may further include pouring an exemplary reaction mixture into an exemplary container on top of an exemplary first layer of NaCl, pouring a second layer of NaCl into an exemplary container on top of an exemplary reaction mixture, sealing an exemplary container by closing an exemplary cap and pouring molten NaCl on top of the exemplary cap, and heating an exemplary reactor at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time.

A light valve containing ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles (200) suspended in a liquid suspension (300) that can control light transmittance is provided. The preferable ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles (200) are halide ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles wherein A is at least one of Cs.sup.+, CH.sub.3NH.sub.3.sup.+, and Rb.sup.+, B is at least one of Pb.sup.2+, Ge.sup.2+, and Sn.sup.2+, and X is at least one of Cl.sup., Br.sup., and I.sup.. Use of the light valve in the manufacture of a light control device and a method of controlling light transmittance by using the light valve are also provided.

A light valve containing ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles (200) suspended in a liquid suspension (300) that can control light transmittance is provided. The preferable ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles (200) are halide ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles wherein A is at least one of Cs.sup.+, CH.sub.3NH.sub.3.sup.+, and Rb.sup.+, B is at least one of Pb.sup.2+, Ge.sup.2+, and Sn.sup.2+, and X is at least one of Cl.sup., Br.sup., and I.sup.. Use of the light valve in the manufacture of a light control device and a method of controlling light transmittance by using the light valve are also provided.

Provided are ITO particles having a non-rectangular parallelepiped shape and an aligned crystal orientation inside particles.

Provided is ITO particles satisfying a relationship expressed in Expression (1) given below. 16S/P.sup.20.330 . . . (1) (In the expression, S indicates a particle area in a TEM photographed image, and P indicates a perimeter of the particle.)

The present disclosure relates to a material containing the elements Li, M, P, S and X wherein M=Si, Ge or Sn, and X=F, Cl, Br or I. The material can be used as a sulfide solid electrolyte material, notably for an all-solid-state lithium battery.