A battery cell having an anode or cathode comprising an acidified metal oxide (“AMO”) material, preferably in monodisperse nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH<7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H.sub.0>−12, at least on its surface.

A battery cell having an anode or cathode comprising an acidified metal oxide (“AMO”) material, preferably in monodisperse nanoparticulate form 20 nm or less in size, having a pH<7 when suspended in a 5 wt % aqueous solution and a Hammett function H.sub.0>−12, at least on its surface.

This invention relates to a process for obtaining lead (Pb) and/or tin (Sn) from a lead- and/or tin-based material using a deep eutectic solvent.

This invention relates to a process for obtaining lead (Pb) and/or tin (Sn) from a lead- and/or tin-based material using a deep eutectic solvent.

Three-dimensional (3D) hollow nanosphere electrocatalysts that convert CO.sub.2 into formate with high current density and Faradaic efficiency (FE). The SnO.sub.2 nanospheres were constructed from small, interconnected SnO.sub.2 nanocrystals. The size of the constituent SnO.sub.2 nanocrystals was controlled between 2-10 nm by varying the calcination temperature and observed a clear correlation between nanocrystal size and formate production. In situ Raman and time-dependent X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed that SnO.sub.2 nanocrystals were reduced to metallic Sn and resisted microparticle agglomeration during CO.sub.2 reduction. The nanosphere catalysts outperformed comparably sized, non-structured SnO.sub.2 nanoparticles and commercially-available SnO.sub.2 with a heterogeneous size distribution.

Described are methods of fabricating lithium sputter targets, lithium sputter targets, associated handling apparatus, and sputter methods including lithium targets. Various embodiments address adhesion of the lithium metal target to a support structure, avoiding and/or removing passivating coatings formed on the lithium target, uniformity of the lithium target as well as efficient cooling of lithium during sputtering. Target configurations used to compensate for non-uniformities in sputter plasma are described. Modular format lithium tiles and methods of fabrication are described. Rotary lithium sputter targets are also described.

A method for producing a colloidal alcoholic suspension of fluorine-doped SnO.sub.2 particles. It also pertains to the colloidal suspension thus obtained and to its uses, especially in the manufacture of an antistatic coating for an optical article, such as an ophthalmic lens.

A method for producing a colloidal alcoholic suspension of fluorine-doped SnO.sub.2 particles. It also pertains to the colloidal suspension thus obtained and to its uses, especially in the manufacture of an antistatic coating for an optical article, such as an ophthalmic lens.

A luminescent substance particle including BaSnO.sub.3 having a perovskite-type structure, wherein the luminescent substance particle contains one of 0.07% by mass or less of Fe (iron), 0.005% by mass or less of Cr (chromium) and 0.02% by mass or less of Ni (nickel). A wavelength conversion film including the luminescent substance particle for converting a light in an ultraviolet region to a light in an infrared region. A wavelength conversion device including a substrate and the wavelength conversion film formed on the substrate.

A luminescent substance particle including BaSnO.sub.3 having a perovskite-type structure, wherein the luminescent substance particle contains one of 0.07% by mass or less of Fe (iron), 0.005% by mass or less of Cr (chromium) and 0.02% by mass or less of Ni (nickel). A wavelength conversion film including the luminescent substance particle for converting a light in an ultraviolet region to a light in an infrared region. A wavelength conversion device including a substrate and the wavelength conversion film formed on the substrate.