Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for passivated quantum dots, methods of making passivated quantum dots, methods of using passivated quantum dots, and the like.

Disclosed is a self-powered perovskite X-ray detector. The self-powered perovskite X-ray detector according to an embodiment of the present invention has a shape wherein a scintillator converting incident X-rays into visible light is combined with a perovskite photodetector, wherein the scintillator and the perovskite light absorption layer include a perovskite compound represented by Formula 1 below:

A.sub.aM.sub.bX.sub.c  [Formula 1] where A is a monovalent cation, M is a divalent metal cation or a trivalent metal cation, X is a monovalent anion, a+2b=c when M is a divalent metal cation, a+3b=4c when M is a trivalent metal cation, and a, b, and c are natural numbers.

The present invention relates to the field of luminescent crystals (LCs), and more specifically to Quantum Dots (QDs) of formula M.sup.1.sub.aM.sup.2.sub.bX.sub.c, wherein the substituents are as defined in the specification. The invention provides methods of manufacturing such luminescent crystals, particularly by dispersing suitable starting materials in the presence of a liquid and by the aid of milling balls; to compositions comprising luminescent crystals and to electronic devices, decorative coatings; and to intermediates comprising luminescent crystals.

The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a perovskite quantum dot film by one-step crystallization, and belongs to the field of perovskite quantum dot material technology. The present disclosure uses adamantanemethylamine and hydrohalic acid as ligands, first mixes a cesium halide, a lead halide, and the ligands with a solvent to obtain a precursor solution, then deposits the precursor solution on a substrate, and then heats the substrate to obtain the CsPbX.sub.3 perovskite quantum dot film. The present disclosure uses adamantanemethylamine and hydrohalic acid as the ligands, which can quickly coat the perovskite, complex with the CsPbX.sub.3 perovskite, and directly form the perovskite quantum dot via a strong steric effect. Further, the present disclosure is simple and inexpensive, can directly obtain a high-quality perovskite quantum dot film with a thickness of more than 500 nm by one-step crystallization.

A light-emitting material including aminosiloxane and a light-emitting compound represented by Formula 1, a light-emitting device including the light-emitting material, a method of preparing the light-emitting material, and a method of preparing the light-emitting compound represented by Formula 1:

A.sup.1B.sup.1X.sup.1.sub.3,  Formula 1 wherein A.sup.1 may be an alkali metal, B.sup.1 may be Pb, Sn, or any combination thereof, and X.sup.1 may be a halogen.

Described herein are materials comprising (1) a monomer or a polymer; (2) perovskite quantum dots interspersed in the monomer or the polymer, each of the perovskite quantum dots independently having the formula:

Cs.sub.a(MA).sub.b(FA).sub.cRb.sub.dPb.sub.pSn.sub.rBi.sub.sCl.sub.xBr.sub.yI.sub.z,

wherein: MA is CH.sub.3NH.sub.3; FA is HC(NH.sub.2).sub.2; a, b, c, and d are each independently a number from 0 to 1, provided that the sum of a, b, c, and d is 1; p, r, and s are each independently a number from 0 to 1, provided that the sum of p, r, and s is 1; and x, y, and z are each independently a number from 0 to 3, provided that the sum of x, y, and z is 3; and (3) an additive interspersed in the monomer or the polymer, the additive comprising: a halide-based additive; a light scattering agent having the formula: M.sub.2O.sub.3, wherein M is, at each occurrence, independently, a metal, provided that at most one instance of M is a group 13 element; or both. Also described are devices comprising such materials, as well as methods of forming such materials.

Bandgap-tunable perovskite compositions are provided having the formula CsPb(A).sub.xB.sub.y).sub.3, wherein A and B are each a halogen. The mixed halide perovskite composition has a morphology which suppresses phase segregation to stabilize a tuned bandgap of the mixed halide perovskite composition. For example, the perovskite may be in the form of nanocrystals embedded in a non-perovskite matrix, which, for example, may have the formula Cs.sub.4Pb(A).sub.xB.sub.y).sub.6, wherein A and B are each a halogen. Solar cells and light-emitting diodes comprising the mixed perovskite compositions are also provided.

A reverse mode light valve, the manufacture of a light control device and a method of controlling light transmittance by using of the reverse mode light valve, the reverse mode light valve containing ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles (200) suspended in a liquid suspension (300) can control light transmittance in a higher light transmittance when the power is turned off (OFF state) and lower light transmittance when the power is turned on (ON state). In the ABX.sub.3 perovskite particles (200), A is at least one of Cs.sup.+, CH.sub.3NH.sub.3.sup.+, and Rb.sup.+, B is at least one of Pb.sup.2+, Ge.sup.2+, and Sn.sup.2+, and X is at least one of Cl.sup.−, Br.sup.−, and I.sup.−.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for passivated quantum dots, methods of making passivated quantum dots, methods of using passivated quantum dots, and the like.

A flexible photovoltaic device is provided. The flexible photovoltaic device includes a flexible inorganic halide perovskite. The flexible inorganic halide perovskite is free of organic components, has a thickness of greater than or equal to about 1 μm to less than or equal to about 1 nm, and has an average grain size of less than or equal to about 500 nm.