An oxide fluorescent material has a composition represented by the following formula (1):

(Mg.sub.1-pM.sup.1.sub.p).sub.q(Li.sub.1-rM.sup.2.sub.r).sub.s(In.sub.1-tM.sup.3.sub.t).sub.u(Ge.sub.1-vM.sup.4.sub.v).sub.wOx:Cr.sub.y,M.sup.5.sub.z(1) wherein M.sup.1 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, and Zn; M.sup.2 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, and Cs; M.sup.3 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, and Sc; M.sup.4 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Sn, and Hf; M.sup.5 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Ce, Eu, Fe, Mn, Nd, Tm, Ho, Er, and Yb; and p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, and z satisfy 0p1.0, 0.1q0.9, 0r1.0, 0.05s0.45, 0t0.5, 0.05u0.45, 0v1.0, 0.8w1.3, 2.6x3.6, 0.002y0.5, 0z0.3, and 0.9q+s+u1.2.

An oxide fluorescent material has a composition represented by the following formula (1).

(Ga.sub.1-uM.sup.1.sub.u).sub.2(Ge.sub.1-vM.sup.2.sub.v).sub.wO.sub.x:Cr.sub.y,M.sup.3.sub.z(1), wherein M.sup.1 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Sc, and In; M.sup.2 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Sn, and Hf, M.sup.3 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Eu, Fe, Mn, Nd, Tm, Ho, Er, and Yb; and u, v, w, x, y, and z satisfy 0u1.0, 0v0.5, 1.0w3.0, 5x9, 0.005y1.0, and 0z0.5, respectively.

An oxide fluorescent material has a composition represented by the following formula (1).

(Ga.sub.1-uM.sup.1.sub.u).sub.2(Ge.sub.1-vM.sup.2.sub.v).sub.wO.sub.x:Cr.sub.y,M.sup.3.sub.z(1), wherein M.sup.1 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Sc, and In; M.sup.2 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si, Ti, Zr, Sn, and Hf, M.sup.3 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Eu, Fe, Mn, Nd, Tm, Ho, Er, and Yb; and u, v, w, x, y, and z satisfy 0u1.0, 0v0.5, 1.0w3.0, 5x9, 0.005y1.0, and 0z0.5, respectively.

Novel compounds having a thortveitite-related structure are disclosed. The compounds may be colored and may be useful as pigments. The compounds are durable with respect to an acid stability test that indicates that the pigments will not substantially change color when exposed to weak acids, such as rain. The compounds disclosed herein typically inexpensive to synthesize from earth-abundant, environmentally-friendly elements or minerals, and therefore are advantageous over existing pigments in the art.

The invention relates to a method for producing oxidic layers by means of PVD (physical vapor deposition), in particular by means of cathodic arc vaporization, wherein a powder-metallurgical target is vaporized and the powder-metallic target is formed of at least two metallic or semi-metallic components, the composition of the metallic or semi-metallic components of the target being chosen in such a manner that during heating in the transition from the room temperature into the liquid phase no phase boundary of purely solid phases, based on the phase diagram of a molten mixture of the at least two metallic or semi-metallic components, is crossed.

The invention relates to a mixed-phase oxide for use as an active electrode material. e.g. in lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries. The mixed-phase oxide comprises Nb and Ti and further comprises M(III) and/or M(II); wherein M(III) is selected from Cr, Al, Ga, and mixtures thereof; M(II) is selected from Zn, Cu, Mg, and mixtures thereof; wherein the mixed-phase oxide comprises an interpenetrating mixture of a first phase and a second phase; wherein the first phase has the crystal structure of TiNb.sub.2O.sub.7 and the second phase has the crystal structure of Zn.sub.2Nb.sub.34O.sub.87.

The invention relates to a mixed-phase oxide for use as an active electrode material. e.g. in lithium-ion or sodium-ion batteries. The mixed-phase oxide comprises Nb and Ti and further comprises M(III) and/or M(II); wherein M(III) is selected from Cr, Al, Ga, and mixtures thereof; M(II) is selected from Zn, Cu, Mg, and mixtures thereof; wherein the mixed-phase oxide comprises an interpenetrating mixture of a first phase and a second phase; wherein the first phase has the crystal structure of TiNb.sub.2O.sub.7 and the second phase has the crystal structure of Zn.sub.2Nb.sub.34O.sub.87.

A cathode material has the chemical formula Li.sub.4+M.sub.x1M.sub.y1M.sub.z1O.sub.8 or Li.sub.2+M.sub.x2M.sub.y2M.sub.z2O.sub.4 where 01, x1, y1, z1 are integers (+/0.5) and x1+y1+z1=4, and x2, y2, z2 are integers (+/0.05) and x2+y2+z2=2. A method for discovering a cathode material includes estimating synthesizability for a plurality of cathode material compositions, selecting a first subset of cathode material compositions from the plurality of cathode material compositions as a function of the estimated synthesizability and metal-ion diffusion availability, estimating voltage discharge, charge capacity, and oxygen stability for the first subset of cathode material compositions, and selecting a second subset of cathode material compositions from the first subset plurality of cathode material compositions as a function of the estimated voltage discharge, charge capacity, and oxygen stability.

A cathode material has the chemical formula Li.sub.4+M.sub.x1M.sub.y1M.sub.z1O.sub.8 or Li.sub.2+M.sub.x2M.sub.y2M.sub.z2O.sub.4 where 01, x1, y1, z1 are integers (+/0.5) and x1+y1+z1=4, and x2, y2, z2 are integers (+/0.05) and x2+y2+z2=2. A method for discovering a cathode material includes estimating synthesizability for a plurality of cathode material compositions, selecting a first subset of cathode material compositions from the plurality of cathode material compositions as a function of the estimated synthesizability and metal-ion diffusion availability, estimating voltage discharge, charge capacity, and oxygen stability for the first subset of cathode material compositions, and selecting a second subset of cathode material compositions from the first subset plurality of cathode material compositions as a function of the estimated voltage discharge, charge capacity, and oxygen stability.

Provided is a copper chromium oxide spinel having a particle size used when made into a resin molded article and plating bonding properties, a resin composition of the same, a resin molded article, and a method for producing the copper chromium oxide spinel. Specifically, provided is a copper chromium oxide spinel containing molybdenum and having a D50 of 2.0 m or less.