The present invention relates to an electrochemical cell comprising an anode of a Group IA metal and a cathode of a composite material prepared from an aqueous mixture of iron sulfate, nickel sulfate, and sulfur. The cathode material of the present invention provides for a lithium electrochemical cell having an increased operating voltage and power performance with high discharge capacity as compared to a lithium cell comprising nickel disulfide cathode material. In addition, the cathode material of the present invention exhibits a smaller initial irreversible voltage loss as compared to iron disulfide. This makes the cathode material of the present invention particularly useful for implantable medical applications.

A composite oxide black pigment has characteristics to absorb visible rays and near infrared rays, and is composed of an oxide of main constituent metals including copper, manganese and iron. In a wavelength region of 400 to 1,000 nm, the composite oxide black pigment has a minimum wavelength, at which a transmittance becomes minimum, in a wavelength region of 600 to 800 nm, a molar ratio of manganese/iron is 3/1 to 30/1, and a molar ratio of copper/(manganese+iron) is 1/2 to 1.2/2. Its sole use makes it possible to obtain a transparent vivid bluish, neutral gray color, and also to maximize an absorption in a near infrared region. It is, therefore, excellent in near infrared absorption characteristics.

A method for producing metal carbonate is disclosed. The method includes the following steps of providing a first mixture of metal and a catalyst containing iron, NO groups, and N-containing ligands first; then introducing carbon dioxide to the first mixture to form a second mixture and obtaining a product. The method described here can improve the yield and decrease the cost of metal carbonate production.

A mixed conductor represented by Formula 1:
A.sub.1±xM.sub.2±yO.sub.4−δ  Formula 1
wherein, in Formula 1, A is a monovalent cation, and M is at least one of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, a trivalent cation, a tetravalent cation, a pentavalent cation, or a hexavalent cation, 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤2, and 0≤δ≤1, with the proviso that when M includes vanadium, 0<δ≤1, and wherein the mixed conductor has an inverse spinel crystal structure.

A method for the processing of potassium containing materials comprises: (i) Separation of a potassium containing mineral from gangue minerals; (ii) Acid leaching whereby substantially all potassium, iron, aluminium and magnesium is solubilised and mixed potassium/iron double salt formed; (iii) Selectively crystallising the mixed potassium/iron double salt formed in the leach step (ii); (iv) Second separation to separate the mixed potassium/iron double salt formed in step (iii); (v) Thermal decomposition to produce an iron oxide, a potassium salt and one or more phosphates; (vi) Leaching the product of the thermal decomposition; (vii) Third separation to separate the iron oxide and phosphate from the potassium salt; (viii) Recovering the potassium salt by crystallisation; (ix) Separating the iron oxide and phosphate of step (vii) by leaching and subsequent solid liquid separation; and (x) Precipitating phosphate from liquor produced in step (ix) through the addition of a base.

Disclosed is a novel adsorbent having excellent adsorption durability and high adsorption efficiency while having improved durability, thereby improving a carbon dioxide (CO2) separation process. A mesoporous cellular foam impregnated with an iron (Fe)-substituted heteropolyacid includes a mesoporous cellular foam support and an Fe-substituted heteropolyacid, and the mesoporous cellular foam impregnated with an Fe-substituted heteropolyacid has superior CO2 adsorption performance and exhibits excellent reproduction performance even after CO2 adsorption and desorption are performed several times through temperature changes, thereby enabling efficient and economical CO2 separation.

An object is to provide a semiconductor device including a semiconductor element which has favorable characteristics. A manufacturing method of the present invention includes the steps of: forming a first conductive layer which functions as a gate electrode over a substrate; forming a first insulating layer to cover the first conductive layer; forming a semiconductor layer over the first insulating layer so that part of the semiconductor layer overlaps with the first conductive layer; forming a second conductive layer to be electrically connected to the semiconductor layer; forming a second insulating layer to cover the semiconductor layer and the second conductive layer; forming a third conductive layer to be electrically connected to the second conductive layer; performing first heat treatment after forming the semiconductor layer and before forming the second insulating layer; and performing second heat treatment after forming the second insulating layer.

Disclosed herein are electrolyte bismuth calcium ferrites having high oxygen vacancy ion mobility. There can be provided an oxygen vacancy electrolyte material including bismuth calcium ferrites (Bi.sub.1-xCa.sub.xFeO.sub.3-δ).

The present invention discloses a method of preparing an electrode material for lithium-ion batteries comprising the steps of preparing a mixture of precursors taken in predefined stoichiometric ratios for synthesis of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), adding niobium pentoxide as a precursor for doping of niobium at Li+ site of LiFePO.sub.4 for synthesis of niobium doped LiFePO.sub.4 and ball milling operation provides nano sized powder particles. Now, a precursor of carbon is added to said mixture of precursors for synthesizing and obtaining carbon coated niobium doped LiFePO.sub.4 nano sized powder particles. Pellets of required size are prepared and sintered. The obtained pellets are structurally characterized.

Embodiments of the present invention provide for syntheses and uses of tri-substituted mono-hydrogen ferrocyanides for efficient hydroxyl radical generators. For example, the present invention provides for the syntheses of mono-hydrogen ferrocyanides of the general formula M.sub.3HFe(CN).sub.6 in which iron has an oxidation number of +2 (ferro) and the positive counter-ion, M, belongs mainly to the group of the alkali metals such as Na+, K+ and Li+, or to organic alkyl cations such as imidazole derivatives.