A lithium ion conductor includes a compound of Formula 1:
Li.sub.7-a*α-(b-4)*β-xM.sup.a.sub.αLa.sub.3Zr.sub.2-βM.sup.b.sub.βO.sub.12-x-δX.sub.xN.sub.δ  Formula 1 wherein in Formula 1, M.sup.a is a cationic element having a valence of a, M.sup.b is a cationic element having a valence of b, and X is an anion having a valence of −1, wherein, when M.sup.a comprises H, 0≤α≤5, otherwise 0≤α≤0.75, and wherein 0≤β≤1.5, 0≤x≤1.5, (a*α+(b−4)β+x)>0, and 0<δ≤6.

The present application discloses a conductive high-strength diamond/amorphous carbon composite material and a preparation process thereof. The diamond/amorphous carbon composite material is composed of an amorphous carbon continuous phase and multiple separate diamond phases embedded in the amorphous carbon continuous phase, wherein the diamond phases exhibit an ordered sp3 hybrid state, and the amorphous carbon continuous phase exhibits a disordered sp2 hybrid state. The present application further discloses a process for preparing the above diamond/amorphous carbon composite material. The process comprises using sp3 carbon powder or glassy carbon as a raw material to obtain the above-mentioned material by sintering. The diamond/amorphous carbon composite material shows good electrical conductivity, good electrical discharge machining ability, good chemical stability and light weight, and has broad application prospects in aerospace, automobile industry and biomedical equipment.

The invention provides a composition of particulate materials. The composition comprises lanthanum chloride in particulate form. The composition also comprises up to about 4% by weight of amorphous silica in particulate form, based on the combined weight of the lanthanum chloride and the amorphous silica. The addition of amorphous silica to desiccated lanthanum chloride forms a fine coating or barrier on the outer surfaces of the individual lanthanum crystals, providing a composition that is significantly more stable and able to resist coalescence of particles than pure desiccated lanthanum chloride.

A method for preparing an amorphous silicon powder for an anode material of a lithium-ion battery is disclosed. The amorphous silicon powder is prepared by reducing an oxide of silicon, wherein an X-ray diffraction peak of an amorphous silicon material is weak, and the amorphous silicon material is of an amorphous structure. A structural formula of the oxide of silicon is SiO.sub.x, wherein 0<x≤2.The reduction refers to vapor phase reduction, a vapor phase reduction atmosphere is a mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, a reduction temperature ranges from 100° C. to 700° C., and a reduction time ranges from 2 h to 72 h.

The disclosure relates to porous Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles which include flocculated amorphous primary nanoparticles, with air pores formed between the amorphous primary nanoparticles. The porous Co.sub.3O.sub.4 nanoparticles, according to an embodiment of the disclosure, may be in the form of flocculated amorphous primary nanoparticles of 1 nm or less, have a 400 times larger specific surface area than the conventional Co.sub.3O.sub.4 particles, and address the issue with the expansion of Co.sub.3O.sub.4 lattices which may arise when the battery is charged or discharged, thereby providing more reliability when applied to batteries.

Amorphous silica-titania composite oxide powder is powder untreated with a surface treatment agent and consisting of amorphous silica-titania composite oxide particles, wherein: a refractive index at a measurement wavelength of 589 nm is not less than 1.46; a volume-based cumulative 50% diameter is 0.1 μm to 2.0 μm; and a content of particles having a particle size of not less than 5.0 μm is not more than 10 ppm, and wherein, in a case where the powder is dried in an atmospheric air at 110° C. for 12 hours, and powder thus dried is stored for 24 hours at a temperature of 25° C. and a relative humidity of 85% so as to absorb moisture, a water absorption rate is not more than 0.8% by mass as calculated from a mass X before moisture absorption and a mass Y after the moisture absorption in accordance with the formula: (Y−X)/X×100.

A method for the preparation of a zeolite having MFI framework is provided that advantageously utilizes as a component oxidized disulfide oil, for example derived from a waste refinery stream of disulfide oil. The MFI framework zeolite is formed from an aqueous mixture of an aluminum source, a silica source, oxidized disulfide oil, an alkali metal source and a structure directing agent, which is heated under conditions and for a time effective to form the MFI framework zeolite.

A method for the preparation of an amorphous silica-alumina composition is provided that advantageously utilizes as a component oxidized disulfide oil, for example derived from a waste refinery stream of disulfide oil. The amorphous silica-alumina is formed from an aqueous mixture of an aluminum source, a silica source, oxidized disulfide oil, an alkali metal source and optionally a structure directing agent, which is heating under conditions and for a time effective to form the amorphous silica-alumina.

The present disclosure relates to a process for producing sheets of a composite material comprising a graphene film arranged on an amorphous carbon substrate, the process comprising the steps of: a) providing a lignin source and an aqueous solution to form a composition, b) depositing the composition on a metal surface, c) heating the composition on the metal surface to form the composite material.

Porous amorphous silica can be obtained from siliceous plant matter containing non-siliceous inorganic substances. The siliceous plant matter is soaked in an aqueous solution which includes a chelating agent. The chelating agent is present in an amount which helps to extract at least some of the non-siliceous inorganic matter. The aqueous solution is then separated from the siliceous plant matter. Beneficial properties are imparted to the siliceous plant matter by controlling the amount of at least one preselected non-siliceous inorganic substance in the siliceous plant matter. At the end of the process, the siliceous plant matter is heat treated in the presence of oxygen at a temperature to produce the resulting amorphous silica having the beneficial properties.