Provided is an active material for a fluoride-ion secondary battery, the active material containing a composite fluoride. The composite fluoride has a layered structure and is represented by a composition formula A.sub.mM.sub.nF.sub.x, where A is an alkali metal, M is a transition metal, 0<m2, 1n2, and 3x4. The alkali metal may be at least one kind selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Rb, and Cs. The transition metal may be a 3d transition metal.

Provided are a 2-mercaptobenzothiazole modified graphene oxide anti-corrosion coating and a preparation method thereof, the raw materials of which comprising, by mass ratio: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole modified graphene oxide 5-20; a matrix resin 30-70; a leveling agent 0.5-1.0; a defoamant 0.5-1.0; a dispersant 0.5-1.0; a film-forming additive 0.5-1.0; a diluent 20-35. The method for the 2-mercaptobenzothiazole modified graphene oxide comprises first reacting graphene oxide with cyanuric chloride, then reacting with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.

Provided are electrochemically active secondary particles that provide excellent capacity and improved cycle life. The particles are characterized by selectively enriched grain boundaries where the grain boundaries are enriched with Al and Co. The enrichment with Al reduces impedance generation during cycling thereby improving capacity and cycle life. Also provided are methods of forming electrochemically active materials, as well as electrodes and electrochemical cells employing the secondary particles.

A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a first oxide particle having a layered structure and a second oxide layer located in a surface of the first oxide particle and including a second oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 1: M.sub.aL.sub.bO.sub.c, wherein in Chemical Formula 1, 0<a3, 1b2, 3.8c4.2, M is at least one element selected from the group of Mg, Al, Ga, and combinations thereof, and L is at least one element selected from of group Ti, Zr, and combinations thereof.

A compound of the general formula: (i) wherein x has a value greater than 0.06 and equal to or less than 0.4. The compound is also formulated into a positive electrode for use in an electrochemical cell.

A positive-electrode active material contains a compound that has a crystal structure belonging to a space group FM3-M and that is represented by the composition formula (1):
Li.sub.xA.sub.yMe.sub.zO.sub.F.sub.(1) wherein A denotes Na or K, Me denotes one or two or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Al, B, Ce, Si, Zr, Nb, Pr, Ti, W, Ge, Mo, Sn, Bi, Cu, Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Y, Zn, Ga, Er, La, Sm, Yb, V, and Cr, and the following conditions are satisfied.
1.7x+y2.2
0y0.2
0.8z1.3
12.5
0.52

A method of making pigments, such as special effect pigment includes forming a first slurry including a first solvent, a substrate, and a polymer; forming a functional solvent including a second solvent and a functional component; and combining the first slurry and the functional solvent so that the substrate is encapsulated by the polymer to form a first coating. Special effect pigments formed by the method are also disclosed.

Provided are electrochemically active secondary particles that provide excellent capacity and improved cycle life. The particles are characterized by selectively enriched grain boundaries where the grain boundaries are enriched with Al and Co. The enrichment with Al reduces impedance generation during cycling thereby improving capacity and cycle life. Also provided are methods of forming electrochemically active materials, as well as electrodes and electrochemical cells employing the secondary particles.

The present disclosure is directed to compositions comprising at least one layer having first and second surfaces, each layer comprising: a substantially two-dimensional array of crystal cells, each crystal cell having an empirical formula of M.sub.2MnX.sub.n+1, such that each X is positioned within an octahedral array of M and M; wherein M and M each comprise different Group 11113, WE, VB, or VIB metals; each X is C, N, or a combination thereof; n=1 or 2; and wherein the M atoms are substantially present as two-dimensional outer arrays of atoms within the two-dimensional array of crystal cells; the M atoms are substantially present as two-dimensional inner arrays of atoms within the two-dimensional array of crystal cells; and the two dimensional inner arrays of M atoms are sandwiched between the two-dimensional outer arrays of M atoms within the two-dimensional army of crystal cells,

Exemplary embodiments of positive electrode active materials in the form of single particles, and a method of preparing each of them, are provided.

The single particles of the exemplary embodiments include The single particles are single particles of a nickel-based lithium composite metal oxide, having a plurality of crystal grains, each having a size of 180 nm to 300 nm, as analyzed by a Cu K X-ray (X-r5). The single particles include a metal doped in the crystal lattice thereof. One embodiment includes a surface coating. The total content of the metal doped in the crystal lattice thereof and the metal of the metal oxide coated on the surface thereof is controlled in the range of 2500 ppm to 6000 ppm.