A composite nanomaterial of ZnO impregnated by, e.g., a green copper phthalocyanine compound (CuPc) can be an efficient solar light photocatalyst for water remediation. The composite may include hollow shell microspheres and hollow nanospheres of CuPc-ZnO. CuPc may function as a templating and/or structure modifying agent, e.g., for forming hollow microspheres and/or nanospheres of ZnO particles. The composite can photocatalyze the degradation of organic pollutants such as crystal violet (CV) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as well as microbes in water under solar light irradiation. The ZnO—CuPc composite can be stable and recyclable under solar irradiation.

A molybdenum trioxide powder contains an aggregate of primary particles having a β crystal structure of molybdenum trioxide. The molybdenum trioxide powder has a MoO.sub.3 content ratio of 99.6% or more measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and has an average particle diameter of the primary particles of 1 μm or less. A method for producing the above molybdenum trioxide powder includes vaporizing a molybdenum oxide precursor compound to form molybdenum trioxide vapor, and cooling the molybdenum trioxide vapor.

A negative electrode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery includes composite particles, each of the composite particles having a structure in which plural flat graphite particles are stacked, wherein the composite particles have a particle size distribution D90/D10 of from 2.0 to 5.0, or wherein the plural flat graphite particles have a particle size distribution D90/D10 of from 2.0 to 4.4.

A method of preparing an indium oxide spherical powder with a controllable grain shape includes: (1) reacting a sulfuric acid solution, and then adding a nitric acid solution, to react with the metal indium to obtain a mixed solution system containing indium sulfate and indium nitrate; (2) adjusting a concentration of indium ions in the mixed solution system to between 0.45˜0.6M; (3) performing a precipitation reaction of the mixed solution with a precipitant, until a pH value of the solution is between 9˜10, and then having the solution precipitated and aged to obtain an indium hydroxide precursor slurry; (4) using a ceramic membrane to filter and wash the precursor slurry, and ending the washing to obtain a purified precursor sample; (5) drying the precursor sample at 80˜130° C.; and (6) ball-milling the precursor sample, and calcining the precursor at a calcination temperature to obtain the indium oxide powder.

A positive-electrode active material contains a lithium composite oxide containing manganese. The crystal structure of the lithium composite oxide belongs to a space group Fd-3m. The integrated intensity ratio I.sub.(111)/I.sub.(400) of a first peak I.sub.(111) on the (111) plane to a second peak I.sub.(400) on the (400) plane in an XRD pattern of the lithium composite oxide satisfies 0.05≤I.sub.(111)/I.sub.(400)≤0.90.

Disclosed herein are modified zeolites and methods for making modified zeolites. In one or more embodiments disclosed herein, a modified zeolite may include a microporous framework including a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm. The microporous framework includes at least silicon atoms and oxygen atoms. The modified zeolite may further include organometallic moieties each bonded to bridging oxygen atoms. The organometallic moieties include a hafnium atom. The hafnium atom is bonded to a bridging oxygen atom, and bridging oxygen atom bridges the hafnium atom of the organometallic moiety and a silicon atom of the microporous framework.

The composite particle of the present invention includes an alumina particle having a card-house structure which is formed of three or more pieces of plate-like alumina and in which the pieces of plate-like alumina are fixed to each other; and an inorganic coating part provided on a surface of the plate-like alumina.

A tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride having a chemical purity of greater than 99.95%. The tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride has a fraction of compounds selected from WCl.sub.6, WO.sub.2Cl.sub.2, WO.sub.3 and WO.sub.2, as defined as a ratio of a reflection having a highest intensity of one of WCl.sub.6, WO.sub.2Cl.sub.2, WO.sub.3 and WO.sub.2, (I(P2)100) in an x-ray diffraction pattern to a reflection having a highest intensity of the tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride (I(WOCl.sub.4)100) in the x-ray diffraction pattern, expressed as I(P2)100/I(WOCl.sub.4)100, of less than 0.03.

The present invention includes novel, low porosity, functionalized carbon micro-powders derived from natural sugars and methods for producing them.

A composite nanomaterial of ZnO impregnated by, e.g., a green copper phthalocyanine compound (CuPc) can be an efficient solar light photocatalyst for water remediation. The composite may include hollow shell microspheres and hollow nanospheres of CuPc-ZnO. CuPc may function as a templating and/or structure modifying agent, e.g., for forming hollow microspheres and/or nanospheres of ZnO particles. The composite can photocatalyze the degradation of organic pollutants such as crystal violet (CV) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as well as microbes in water under solar light irradiation. The ZnO—CuPc composite can be stable and recyclable under solar irradiation.