A magnetic -form iron oxide nanopowder is a novel magnetic iron oxide nanopowder having magnetic polarization and spontaneous electric polarization and having physical properties similar to those of half-metals; and a process produces the magnetic nanopowder. The magnetic powder has a composition represented by Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 and has a crystal structure belonging to the monoclinic system.

The present invention relates to an artificial graphite material for a negative electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery which shows smaller deteriorations of the capacity of charging and discharging cycles and which has a reduced internal resistance and a high output characteristic. It is an artificial graphite material for a lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode, wherein the size L(112) of a crystallite in the c-axis direction is 5 to 25 nm; the ratio (ID/IG) of the intensities of peaks is 0.05 to 0.2; and the relative absorption intensity ratio (I4.8 K/I280 K) is 5.0 to 12.0.

A polycrystalline silicon column is provided. The polycrystalline silicon column includes a plurality of silicon grains grown along a crystal-growing direction. In the crystal-growing direction, the average grain size of the silicon grains and the resistivity of the polycrystalline silicon column have opposite variation in their trends, the average grain size of the silicon grains and the oxygen content of the polycrystalline silicon column have opposite variation in their trends, and the average grain size of the silicon grains and the defect area ratio of the polycrystalline silicon column have the same variation in their trends. The overall average defect area ratio of the polycrystalline silicon column is less than or equal to 2.5%.

A polycrystalline silicon wafer is provided. The polycrystalline silicon wafer, includes a plurality of silicon grains, wherein the carbon content of the polycrystalline silicon wafer is greater than 4 ppma, and the resistivity of the polycrystalline silicon wafer is greater than or equal to 1.55 -cm.

A polycrystalline element includes a table formed of polycrystalline diamond. The table includes a first surface; a second surface spaced apart from the first surface; and at least one side extending between the first surface and the second surface. The table also includes a plurality of extensions also formed of polycrystalline diamond, wherein at least one extension of the plurality of extensions extends away from at least one of the first surface and the at least one side. A radial line extends radially outward from a center axis of the first surface intersects each of a long axis of a subset of a plurality of extensions. Optionally, the polycrystalline diamond of at least one extension of the plurality of extensions is contiguous with the polycrystalline diamond of the table. The polycrystalline element may be used in downhole tools for boring and well drilling, machine tools, and bearings.

Provided is a method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte having an argyrodite-type crystal structure in a liquid phase, the method having a production efficiency enhanced by efficiently using a raw material-containing substance and enabling easy production of a high-quality sulfide solid electrolyte, the method including mixing a raw material-containing substance and a first solvent to prepare a mixture, mixing the mixture and a second solvent to prepare a solution containing a solid electrolyte precursor, subjecting the solid electrolyte precursor to a heat treatment while supplying hydrogen sulfide to produce a heated solid electrolyte precursor, and firing the heated solid electrolyte precursor.

A method for producing a sulfide solid electrolyte, which includes obtaining a mixture by mixing a raw material inclusion containing a lithium atom, a phosphorus atom, a sulfur atom, and a halogen atom in an organic solvent; and performing microwave irradiation on the mixture, is provided, and thereby a sulfide solid electrolyte can be efficiently produced while maintaining a particle diameter by reducing a heating temperature and suppressing granulation due to heating by employing a liquid phase method.

Diamond particles are generated in a solution by carrying out a step S1 of mixing an inorganic salt such as a metal halide, a metal oxyhalide, a metal nitrate, a metal phosphate and a metal sulfate into a solvent containing 10% by volume or more of an organic solvent such as an alcohol solvent, a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, an amide solvent, a hydrocarbon solvent, an aromatic solvent, a cellosolve solvent and a halogen solvent containing carbon atoms, to prepare a mixed solution, and then carrying out an aging step S2 of holding the mixed solution under an arbitrary temperature condition for a certain period of time.

The present invention relates to X-ray amorphous and hollow calcium magnesium fluoride phosphate particles. The X-ray amorphous and hollow calcium magnesium fluoride phosphate particles have a mean diameter ranging from 50 to 500 nm and comprise a respective shell. The respective shell comprises 15-30 wt % calcium, 50-65 wt % phosphate, 4-8 wt % magnesium, 1-10 wt % fluoride, and the balance is water.

An anolyte includes a deformable halide-based ionic conductor having one of the following formulas: CsLi.sub.2Cl.sub.3, wherein the CsLi.sub.2Cl.sub.3 has an orthorhombic crystal structure, NaLi.sub.3I.sub.4, NaLi.sub.3Br.sub.4, NaLi.sub.3Cl.sub.4, and KLi.sub.2F.sub.3. A solid state battery includes an anode, a cathode, and a solid electrolyte, wherein the solid state battery comprises the aforementioned anolyte.