Disclosed is an electrolyte for a metal-air battery, comprising graphene nanoflakes so as to be capable of self-charging, and enabling a metal-air battery to exhibit excellent stability in a long-term charge/discharge cycle. The electrolyte for a metal-air battery, according to the present invention, comprises an alkaline solution and graphene nanoflakes dispersed in the alkaline solution, wherein the graphene nanoflakes can be surface-modified with a hydrophilic group.

A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium-aluminum-titanium oxide formed on a surface of a lithium metal oxide particle having a specific formula. The cathode active material may have an improved structural stability even in a high temperature condition.

A crystalline, amorphous or mixed crystalline and amorphous phosphate compound of the type (M1.sub.aM2.sub.bM3.sub.cM4.sub.d).sub.3(PO.sub.4).sub.2.xH.sub.2O with 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, 0<d<1, a+b+c+d=1 and 0<x<8, wherein M1, M2 and M3 are metals selected from Mn, Fe, Co or Ni, and M4 is one or more metals selected from Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Zr or La and process for the production thereof.

This invention relates to cost-effective methods for synthesizing metallic nanoparticles in high yield using non-dendrimeric branched polymeric templates, such as branched polyethyleneimine. This invention also provides a high-throughput apparatus for synthesizing metallic nanoparticles under conditions that produce less waste than conventional nanoparticle synthesis methods. Also provided are metallic nanoparticles and multi-metallic nanoparticle compositions made by methods and high-throughput apparatus of the invention.

The present disclosure relates to a method of producing a multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) thick film on a substrate, and more particularly, to a method of forming a multilayer h-BN thick film on a substrate including (a) a substrate heating step of heating a first substrate, (b) a h-BN precursor supply step of supplying h-BN precursors to the heated first substrate, (c) a precursor dissolving step of dissolving the supplied h-BN precursors in the first substrate, and (d) a substrate cooling step of cooling the first substrate containing the dissolved h-BN precursors therein, and a laminate including a multilayer h-BN thick film prepared by the preparation method and a substrate which forms a stack structure with the h-BN thick film.

A solid ice melting composition is composed of pelletized salt, the pelletized salt having a plurality of salt particles pressed together, inter-particle spaces between the salt particles inside the pelletized salt, and a deicing liquid in the inter-particle spaces. The composition is produced by pelletizing a plurality of salt particles to form pelletized salt, and introducing deicing liquid into inter-particles spaces between the salt particles in the pelletized salt by infusing the deicing liquid into the pelletized salt. The solid ice melting composition is easy to handle and spread, is longer lasting and is effective at temperatures down to about 30 C. or lower.

A transition metal composite hydroxide can be used as a precursor to allow a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a small and highly uniform particle diameter to be obtained. A method also is provided for producing a transition metal composite hydroxide represented by a general formula (1) MxWsAt(OH)2+, coated with a compound containing the additive element, and serving as a precursor of a positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. The method includes producing a composite hydroxide particle, forming nuclei, growing a formed nucleus; and forming a coating material containing a metal oxide or hydroxide on the surfaces of composite hydroxide particles obtained through the upstream step.

A transition metal composite hydroxide can be used as a precursor to allow a lithium transition metal composite oxide having a small and highly uniform particle diameter to be obtained. A method also is provided for producing a transition metal composite hydroxide represented by a general formula (1) MxWsAt(OH)2+, coated with a compound containing the additive element, and serving as a precursor of a positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries. The method includes producing a composite hydroxide particle, forming nuclei, growing a formed nucleus; and forming a coating material containing a metal oxide or hydroxide on the surfaces of composite hydroxide particles obtained through the upstream step.

An oxychloride infrared nonlinear optical crystal and the preparation method and use thereof, the optical crystal has a general chemical formula of Pb.sub.2+xOCl.sub.2+2x, therein 0<x<0.139 or 0.141<x<0.159 or 0.161<x0.6. The crystal is non-centrosymmetric, belongs to orthonormal system with space group of Fmm2, cell parameter is a=35.4963(14)0.05 , b=5.8320(2)0.05 , c=16.0912(6)0.05 . The crystal is prepared by high temperature melt method or flux method. The crystal has a strong second harmonic generation efficiency of 4 times that of KDP (KH.sub.2PO.sub.4) tested by Kurtz method, it is phase machable, transparent in the range of 0.34-7 m. The laser damage threshold is 10 times that of the current commercial infrared nonlinear optical crystal AgGaS.sub.2. No crystalline water exists in lead oxychloride, and it is stable in the air and has good thermal stability.

A cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery includes a lithium-aluminum-titanium oxide formed on a surface of a lithium metal oxide particle having a specific formula. The cathode active material may have an improved structural stability even in a high temperature condition.