The present application discloses a secondary battery, an apparatus including the secondary battery, artificial graphite and a method for the preparation thereof. The secondary battery includes a negative electrode plate including a negative active material, wherein the negative active material includes an artificial graphite having a numerical particle size D.sub.n10 of at least 1 μm; the artificial graphite has a graphitization degree of 90% to 95%; the negative electrode plate has a compaction density of 1.55 g/cm.sup.3 to 1.75 g/cm.sup.3, and the negative electrode plate has an OI value of at most 15, wherein the OI value of the negative electrode plate represents a ratio C.sub.004/C.sub.110, in which C.sub.004 is the peak area of the diffraction peak of 004 crystal plane of the artificial graphite in the negative electrode plate and C.sub.110 is the peak area of the diffraction peak of 110 crystal plane of the artificial graphite in the negative electrode plate.

The present disclosure provides a positive electrode active material having a spinel-type crystal structure that can reduce an increase in resistance and a decrease in capacity retention rate due to repeated charging and discharging of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The positive electrode active material disclosed herein is configured of a lithium manganese composite oxide having a spinel-type crystal structure, wherein the lithium manganese composite oxide includes secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated, an average particle diameter of the secondary particles based on a SEM image is 10 μm or more and 20 μm or less, an average particle diameter of the primary particles based on a SEM image is 4 μm or more and 8 μm or less, and nickel atoms are provided in the surface layer portion of the secondary particles.

Polished talc microbeads, i.e. polished talc particles with a largest average diameter of less than 500 μm and methods for the preparation thereof, which microbeads are especially suitable to be use as an alternative for plastic microbeads used in cosmetics and personal hygiene products. Body scrubs, tooth pastes and soaps comprising the present polished talc microbeads. The use of polished talc microbeads with a talc content of more than 70% (w/w) and a largest diameter of less than 500 μm as a substitute for plastic microbeads in cosmetics and personal hygiene products.

An inorganic material in a form of open-porosity particles, each of the particles comprising a lead vanadate or phosphovanadate of formula Pb.sub.3-xX.sub.x(VO.sub.4)2.sub.-2y(PO.sub.4)2.sub.y,wherein x = 0 or x > 0 but ≤ 0.33; y = 0 or y > 0 but < 1;X = Ba.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+, Sr.sup.2+ or Cd.sup.2+; and metallic lead or a lead salt. A method for preparing the material, a method for capturing iodine present in a gaseous effluent as well as a method for conditioning iodine present in a gaseous effluent in a form of an iodoapatite.

The present invention provides a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery comprising secondary particles in which primary particles represented by Chemical Formula 1 below are aggregated, wherein the average particle size (D50) of the secondary particles is 2.5 μm or more and 7 μm or less, and the average value of the sphericity coefficient, which is the ratio (l/w) of the long axis length (l) to the short axis length (w) of the secondary particles, is 1.0 to 1.25.

A composite material includes electro-deposited manganese dioxide particles of up to 110 micron in size and in a form of γ-modification of manganese dioxide; and single-walled carbon nanotubes with a diameter of 1 to 2 nm and a length of 1 to 5 μm, wherein a content of the carbon nanotubes is 0.0001 to 0.1 wt % of the composite material. Optionally, the particles have an average size of about 40-60 microns. Optionally, the carbon nanotubes form a coating on a surface of the particles and extend inward from the surface. Optionally, the single-wall carbon nanotubes form a three-dimensional conductive network in the material.

The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a tetrahydroborate, the method including a plasma treatment step of exposing a borate to a hydrogen plasma.

A process for producing a metal-molybdate material is provided. The process includes a step of reacting a metal molybdenum (Mo) material in a liquid medium with a first acid to provide a Mo composition and combining the Mo composition with a metal source to provide a metal-Mo composition. The metal-Mo composition can be pH adjusted with a base to precipitate a plurality of metal-Mo particulates.

Provided are: a spherical magnesium oxide having not only high sphericity but also smooth surface and having excellent moisture resistance and excellent filling properties, and a method producing the same. In the present invention, by controlling the boron and iron contents of the calcined magnesium oxide to be in the respective predetermined ranges, there is provided a spherical magnesium oxide having a volume-based cumulative 50% particle diameter (D50), as measured by a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measurement, in the range of from 3 to 200 μm, which is the range for a relatively large particle diameter, and a high sphericity of 1.00 to 1.20, as measured from viewing a SEM photomicrograph, as well as smooth surface, and having excellent moisture resistance and excellent filling properties. A predetermined spherical magnesium oxide is provided by virtue of the synergies obtained from the boron content of 300 to 2,000 ppm and the iron content of 100 to 1,500 ppm.

A method for producing insoluble sulfur, including: heating a sulfur to 200-700° C., quenching it with water, aqueous solution and other solvents, drying and solidifying the resulting substance at 40-80° C. for 3-15 h, to obtain an insoluble sulfur crude product; crushing the crude product in water into particles with a particle size of 50-400 meshes, wherein the water temperature is not higher than 80° C.; pumping the slurry of water and crude product into the upper part of an extraction column, pumping solvent into the lower part thereof; making the water and solvent from the top of the column flow into a separation tank to separate water phase and solvent phase, heating and evaporating the solvent phase to recover solvent and obtain soluble sulfur; heating and evaporating the insoluble sulfur and solvent from the bottom of the column to recover solvent and obtain purified insoluble sulfur.