A porous membrane comprising stacked layers of nanosheets, each nanosheet comprising one to three atomic layers of a 2D material comprising or consisting of one or more transition metal dichalcogenides is provided. The nanosheets have pores and the membrane comprises a network of water permeation pathways including through-pathways formed by the pores, horizontal pathways formed by gaps between the layers, and vertical pathways formed by gaps between adjacent nanosheets and stacking defects between the layers. Also provided is a method for making the membrane.

Provided is a dispersion liquid for sealing a light-emitting element containing metal oxide particles having a refractive index of 1.7 or higher and a surface-modifying material at least partially attached to the metal oxide particles, in which a particle diameter D50 of the metal oxide particles when a cumulative percentage of a scattering intensity distribution obtained by a dynamic light scattering method is 50% is 30 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and a content of the surface-modifying material not attached to the metal oxide particles is 60% by mass or less with respect to a total content of the metal oxide particles and the surface-modifying material.

Provided is ITO particles satisfying a relationship expressed in Expression (1) given below. 16×S/P.sup.2≤0.330 . . . (1) (In the expression, S indicates a particle area in a TEM photographed image, and P indicates a perimeter of the particle).

Disclosed herein is a turf filler comprising a plurality of inorganic particles having a size of less than or equal to about 10 mesh at least partially encapsulated within a coating composition comprising a copolymer comprising one or more C.sub.2-C.sub.20 olefinic monomers and monomers of an ethylenically unsaturated ester of a C.sub.2-C.sub.10 carboxylic acid, wherein at least a first portion of the plurality of the particles further comprises a colorant, and a second portion of the plurality of particles is essentially free of a colorant. A method of producing the turf filler is also disclosed.

The invention relates to a method for producing hydrophilic silicia moulded bodies, in which i) a mixture containing hydrophilic silicic acid is added at a maximum temperature of 55° C. to hydrophobic means and ii) the mixture obtained in step i) is compacted after a maximum storage time of 30 days to form moulded bodies, iii) during steps ii and iii and until the moulded bodies are used, the temperature is at a maximum of 55° C.

An organic substance-attached porous inorganic oxide particle including porous inorganic oxide particle and an organic substance attached to the surface of the porous inorganic oxide particle. The organic substance-attached porous inorganic oxide particle satisfies a formula below
(Cf−Ce)/2>1
where Cf represents the amount of carbon (atom %) measured by subjecting the surface of the particle to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after the particle is washed, and Ce represents the amount of carbon (atom %) measured by subjecting the surface of the particle to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after two-minute surface etching of the particle.

Proposed are an organic-inorganic composite synthetic resin using a highly flame-retardant organically modified nanoparticle, and a production method thereof. The method for producing the organic-inorganic composite synthetic resin using a highly flame-retardant organically modified nanoparticle includes the steps of: adding and stirring metal ion-based phosphinate, melamine cyanurate, and nanoclay to a container containing an aqueous or oily solvent, applying ultrasonic waves and high pressure energy to the stirred solution to prepare a highly flame-retardant organically modified silicate solution through a chemical bonding, and then adding a synthetic resin to form synthetic leather and foam used as life consumer goods to the silicate solution, processing and drying it.

A method of making a purified precipitated calcium carbonate from lime mud can include admixing a lime mud cake with water and sodium carbonate to form a first slurry; heating the first slurry under conditions to age the slurry and form one or more of pirssonite, shortite, and gaylussite; separating a solid portion from the aged slurry; washing the solid portion under conditions sufficient to decompose the one or more of pirssonite, shortite, and gaylussite to a CaCO.sub.3 solid fraction and Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solid fraction and to remove sodium salts; and admixing the CaCO.sub.3 solid fraction with water and a dispersant to disperse the CaCO.sub.3 solid fraction in water and form a dispersed slurry having a Brookfield viscosity of less than about 1000 cps at 100 rpm, thereby producing a dispersed slurry containing the purified precipitated calcium carbonate.

The modified graphene includes a structure represented by the following formula (I), wherein the modified graphene has a ratio (g/d) of an intensity “g” of a G band to an intensity “d” of a D band of 1.0 or more in a Raman spectroscopy spectrum thereof:
Gr1-Ar1-X1-(Y1).sub.n1  (I)
in the formula (I), Gr1 represents a single-layer graphene or a multilayer graphene, Ar1 represents an arylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, X1 represents a single bond, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a group obtained by substituting at least one carbon atom in a linear, branched, or cyclic alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms with at least one structure selected from the group consisting of —O—, —NH—, ##STR00001##
—CO—, —COO—, —CONH—, and an arylene group.

A method of making an alumina including providing an alumina slurry, aging the slurry, adding a tricarboxylic acid to the aged alumina slurry, further aging the slurry, and spray drying, the method being characterized by the addition of a dicarboxylic acid either at the same time as the tricarboxylic acid, or after the second aging and before the spray drying. The resulting alumina is dispersible at a pH greater than 9.5 above 95% and has a viscosity below 0.4 Pa.Math.S for 10 wt % sols.