A method for enhancing radionuclide activity of a daughter radionuclide-containing eluate obtained from a mixture of mother/daughter radionuclides is disclosed. This method comprises i) contacting separation particles with an aqueous solution containing a mixture of mother and daughter radionuclides wherein daughter radionuclides bind to separation particles and mother radionuclides does not. That contact is maintained ii) for a time for unbound daughter radionuclide to bind to the separation particles. Unbound mother radionuclide is iii) separated from the daughter radionuclide-bound separation particles using a washing solution. Steps i) and ii) are repeated at least once iv). The bound daughter radionuclide is stripped v) from the separation particles using a volume of stripping solution less than that used if only steps i), ii), iii) and v) were used for each of the recited at least two separations to form an aqueous eluate having enhanced daughter radionuclide activity.

A sensor system is based on diamonds with a high density of NV centers. The description includes a) methods for producing the necessary diamonds of high NV center density, b) characteristics of such diamonds, c) sensing elements for utilizing the fluorescence radiation of such diamonds, d) sensing elements for utilizing the photocurrent of such diamonds, e) systems for evaluating these quantities, f) reduced noise systems for evaluating these systems, g) enclosures for using such systems in automatic placement equipment, h) methods for testing these systems, and i) a musical instrument as an example of an ultimate application of all these devices and methods.

One variation of a solid carbon composition forms a solid carbon product derived from a hydrocarbon mixture: including methane including carbon sourced from captured gas; and formed via methanation of a carbon dioxide mixture extracted from captured gas via a point source capture process. The solid carbon composition includes carbon sourced from captured gas and including: a first amount of carbon-13 isotopes; and a second amount of carbon-12 isotopes. The solid carbon composition exhibits an isotopic signature defining a ratio of the first amount of carbon-13 isotopes to the second amount of carbon-12 isotopes exceeding ?50.0 parts-per-thousand-versus-PDB-standard.

One variation of a solid carbon composition forms a solid carbon product derived from a hydrocarbon mixture: including methane including carbon sourced from captured gas; and formed via methanation of a carbon dioxide mixture extracted from captured gas via a point source capture process. The solid carbon composition includes carbon sourced from captured gas and including: a first amount of carbon-13 isotopes; and a second amount of carbon-12 isotopes. The solid carbon composition exhibits an isotopic signature defining a ratio of the first amount of carbon-13 isotopes to the second amount of carbon-12 isotopes exceeding ?50.0 parts-per-thousand-versus-PDB-standard.

A germanium (Ge)-doped gallium oxide (Ga.sup.2O.sup.3) semiconductor material and method of making are provided. In embodiments, a method of making the Ge-doped Ga.sup.2O.sup.3 semiconductor material includes: subjecting a Ga.sub.2O.sub.3 semiconductor material to neutron irradiation comprising a higher thermal neutron content than fast neutron content, thereby producing a Ge-doped Ga.sub.2O.sub.3 semiconductor material; and annealing the Ge-doped Ga.sub.2O.sub.3 semiconductor material at a temperature of at least 700? C. in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas, thereby generating an electrically conductive n-type Ge-doped Ga.sub.2O.sub.3 semiconductor material.

The present invention relates to a novel material made of uranium, gadolinium and oxygen, having a crystalline phase having cubic crystallographic structure, having an atomic ratio Gd/[Gd+U] of 0.6 to 0.93, the uranium being present in an oxidation state of +IV and/or +V. The invention further relates to the use of such a material as a consumable neutron poison of a fuel element.

A process for the preparation of a mineral filler product is disclosed, the process comprising a step of dry grinding a calcium carbonate-comprising material in a mixture obtained by contacting the calcium carbonate-comprising material with at least one polydimethylsiloxane as grinding agent.

Polarizable diamond materials and methods for obtaining nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of samples external to the diamond materials are described. The diamond materials can include .sup.12C, .sup.13C, substitutional nitrogen, and nitrogen vacancy defects in a crystalline lattice, wherein the substitutional nitrogen concentration is between 10 ppm and 200 ppm, the nitrogen vacancy concentration is between 10 ppb and 10 ppm, and the .sup.13C concentration is greater than 1.1% and not more than 25%. Methods for obtaining nuclear magnetic resonance spectra can include optically pumping a diamond material to generate electron spin hyperpolarization in nitrogen vacancy centers, transferring the electron spin hyperpolarization to nuclei of the sample, and generating a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum by applying a magnetic field to the sample, exciting the sample with a radio frequency pulse, and detecting a nuclear magnetic resonance response from the sample.

In a system and a method for making carrier-free radioactive isotopic Gallium-68, stable enriched Zinc-68 is formed into a solid target of very high purity. The solid target of enriched Zinc-68 is exposed to a proton beam provided by irradiation in a cyclotron to change the enriched Zinc-68 into Gallium-68. After irradiation, the solid target contains high concentrations of Gallium-68 with only trace amounts of enriched Zinc-68 and isotopic Gallium-67. Gallium-68 is then further purified to remove the impurities resulting in a Gallium-68 composition with high purity and specific activity and without Germanium-68, Also provided are radiopharmaceutical agents that are labeled with the Gallium-68 compositions made by solid targeting in a cyclotron.

A biogenic black pigment with a .sup.14C content of more than 0.20 Bq/g carbon and less than 0.45 Bq/g carbon, a mass fraction of volatile constituents, as determined according to DIN 51720, relative to the dry mass of the pigment, of 20% by mass to 40% by mass, a mass fraction of carbon, as determined according to DIN 51732, relative to the dry mass of the pigment, of 60% by mass to 95% by mass, an ash content, relative to the dry mass of the pigment, of 0.5% by mass to 7% by mass, a mass fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), relative to the dry mass of the pigment, of <10 ppm, a mass fraction of lead, mercury, cadmium and chrome of <100 ppm in total, relative to the dry mass of the pigment, an STSA surface area of 5 m.sup.2/g to 200 m.sup.2/g, and a d99 value of the Q.sub.3 cumulative curve distribution of the particle size of 100 m, a process for producing biogenic black pigment, a use of the biogenic black pigment for achromatic coloring and color shading of plastics, plastic parts, coating materials, printing inks, inks, paints, papers, cardboards, cartons, and mineral materials, and as a reinforcing filler for rubber-like, thermoplastic, liquid crystalline, and magnetorheological elastomers; as well as materials and articles that contain the biogenic black pigments.