The present invention refers to lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions and solid composites; methods of preparing the compositions and solid composites; and their use in water purification. The compositions are comprised of photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), lightweight glass bubbles, and a hydraulic cementing binder. The lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions can be formed into lightweight photocatalytic solid composites and/or structures by mixing with water and moist curing. This invention also describes relatively simple, fast, and cost effective methodologies to photodope the TiO.sub.2—ZnO compositions and composites with silver (Ag), to enhance and extend the photocatalytic activity from the ultraviolet into the visible light spectrum. The lightweight and settable TiO.sub.2—ZnO and Ag—TiO.sub.2—ZnO compositions are used in making solids, structures, coatings, and continuous or semi-continuous water purification panels for purifying contaminated water.

The present invention refers to lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions and solid composites; methods of preparing the compositions and solid composites; and their use in water purification. The compositions are comprised of photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide (TiO.sub.2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), lightweight glass bubbles, and a hydraulic cementing binder. The lightweight and settable photocatalytic compositions can be formed into lightweight photocatalytic solid composites and/or structures by mixing with water and moist curing. This invention also describes relatively simple, fast, and cost effective methodologies to photodope the TiO.sub.2—ZnO compositions and composites with silver (Ag), to enhance and extend the photocatalytic activity from the ultraviolet into the visible light spectrum. The lightweight and settable TiO.sub.2—ZnO and Ag—TiO.sub.2—ZnO compositions are used in making solids, structures, coatings, and continuous or semi-continuous water purification panels for purifying contaminated water.

An organic wastewater treatment method based on a multi-element co-doping TiO.sub.2 nano photocatalytic material includes preparing a sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture, hydrothermally reacting the sulfur-titanium dioxide mixture with copper chloride, ammonia, strong alkali, a transition metal salt and the like, reacting the resulting reaction product with hydrofluoric acid, then performing temperature programming thermal treatment in air to obtain the multi-element co-doping TiO.sub.2 nano photocatalytic material, and then treating organic wastewater with the multi-element co-doping TiO.sub.2 nano photocatalytic material under the irradiation of visible light. The organic wastewater treatment method is efficient and rapid, safe and environmental-friendly, can thoroughly degrade many types of organic pollutants, ammonia nitrogen and the like, and does not cause secondary pollution; furthermore, the adopted multi-element co-doping TiO.sub.2 nano photocatalytic material can be regenerated and recycled only by simple calcination, and the cost is inexpensive.

A laser ablation and filtration process and apparatus wherein liquid containing hydrocarbons or other contaminates is purified. The liquid is exposed to laser energy at one or more selected wavelengths wherein the laser energy travels through the liquid and reaches the hydrocarbons or other contaminates and vaporizes, denatures, breaks down, neutralizes, renders inert and/or separates the hydrocarbons or contaminates from the liquid. A laser source is positioned in or on a vessel based on pre-set parameters to maximize exposure of the liquid to the laser energy, including sizing parameters, angle and inclination of the laser, retention time for the laser process to be applied and geometry of the containment for proper inclination. One or more collection chambers, which may include perforated membranes may be included to collect gases, separated hydrocarbons or contaminates and other by-products of the process. The vessel utilized may be submergible in water to pull or flow contaminated water therethough. The vessel may also be utilized outside a body of water wherein contaminated water from a source is introduced within the vessel.

Sterilization of a liquid substance is performed by causing cavitation in the liquid substance by stirring the liquid substance with a rotary blade of a suction stirring pump and generating plasma with a plasma generation mechanism in air bubbles generated in the liquid substance by the cavitation.

Sterilization of a liquid substance is performed by causing cavitation in the liquid substance by stirring the liquid substance with a rotary blade of a suction stirring pump and generating plasma with a plasma generation mechanism in air bubbles generated in the liquid substance by the cavitation.

A negative hydrogen ion intelligent filtration system includes a housing; a filtering mechanism disposed in the housing and comprising a first filter, a second filter connected to the first filter, a third filter connected to second filter, a fourth filter connected to the third filter, a fifth filter connected to the fourth filter, a sixth filter connected to the fifth filter, a seventh filter connected to the sixth filter, an eighth filter connected to the seventh filter, a ninth filter connected to the eighth filter, a tenth filter connected to the ninth filter, a eleventh filter connected to the tenth filter and a twelfth filter connected to the eleventh filter; an inflow port connected to the first filter and extending out of the housing; an outflow port connected to the twelfth filter and extending out of the housing; and a flow rate control mechanism disposed in the housing, located between the first filter and the inflow port and connecting the first filter and the inflow port.

Despite significant progress in the synthesis of nanocomposite materials, integration of several components with various functions remains a big challenge, which significantly limits control over nanocomposite properties. The disclosure provides a multifunctional micro particle based on incorporation of titania nanoparticles combined into a porous polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. PLA is used as a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer and titania nanoparticles represent photocatalytically active nanofillers capable of degradation of organic compounds under solar irradiation. Titania nanoparticles are integrated with PLA by using ‘mixed’ and ‘in situ grown’ approaches. The hybrid systems effectively absorbed and degraded organic impurities from water. The sorption capacity, dye degradability, and PLA disintegration were controlled by varying the concentration of incorporated titania. The hybrid degradable systems can be applied as novel non-toxic photocatalytic materials for such as environmental cleanup of contaminated waters.

A sanitizing photocatalytic reactor suitable for air liquid or liquid fluids includes a reaction region containing a photocatalyst selected from nanotechnological materials of natural light photocatalyst type, which is supported on an inert support or mixed with a plastic material, and an illumination region having white color LED lights, the reaction region further having one or more channels through which the fluids to be sanitized flow.

The present disclosure relates to a bacterium-alga coupled sewage treatment device based on energy recycling and a use method thereof. The device comprises a pretreatment device, a photobioreactor, an alga separation apparatus, a continuous flow bioreactor and a secondary sedimentation tank which are sequentially connected in order, the pretreatment device being connected to a municipal sewage inlet pipe, the photobioreactor being connected to a carbon dioxide gas charging device through a gas filling pipeline, one part of a sludge thickening tank being connected to the secondary sedimentation tank, the other part thereof being connected to remaining sludge of the pretreatment device, carbon dioxide generated from the sludge which flows through the thickening tank and is thermally-hydrolyzed and anaerobically-acidified being connected to the photobioreactor through a gas inlet pipeline, and the alga separation apparatus being further connected to a filter press. The present disclosure has the advantages of a rational structural design, reliable and stable operation, a low operation and maintenance cost and high automaticity and intelligence, and being suitable for the use and transformation requirements of a wide range of sewage treatment plants, etc.