Soluble nitrogen-containing species are removed from contaminated water by contacting the contaminated water with aluminum oxide particles in a reactor and adding sufficient sulfamic acid to the reactor to adjust the pH of the contaminated water to 5 or below to create treated water. The treated water, which has less of the soluble nitrogen-containing species than the contaminated water, is removed from the reactor.

Soluble nitrogen-containing species are removed from contaminated water by contacting the contaminated water with aluminum oxide particles in a reactor and adding sufficient sulfamic acid to the reactor to adjust the pH of the contaminated water to 5 or below to create treated water. The treated water, which has less of the soluble nitrogen-containing species than the contaminated water, is removed from the reactor.

Sintered Wave Multi-Media Polarity Conversion Treatment Apparatus and Process is disclosed, which uses a non-destructive physiochemical PFAS vapor emissions treatment system to provide vacuum and vapor conveyance for 1) a Polarity Conversion Unit for non-destructive PFAS removal from soil, sludges, rechargeable galvanic filter media and objects, 2) a fluids treatment line for PFAS removal from water, brines, foams and colloids, and 3) an amphiphilic decontamination wand for PFAS removal from hard surfaces. The vapor emissions treatment system uses direct spray cooling to cool treatment gases where fluid chemistry causes pre-micellular aggregates/liquids crystals formation. Filtered aggregates are dried in a Brine Pot Evaporator for off-site disposal. Residual PFAS vapors are removed through a Vapor Phase Galvanic Separator where galvanic currents offer high energy interfaces of varying charges for monomeric PFAS self-assembly. The Polarity Conversion Unit assembly uses transportable flow through vessels, static geometry, high surface area, treatment gas temperature and velocity modulation to reduce thermal resistivity of the media. Treatment gas is sequentially routed around shaped vertical media beds where thermal energy disorganizes surface polarities (Gibbs free energy) disconnecting amphiphilic compounds/mixtures from the media. The fluids treatment line uses a Surface Excess Concentrator where a surface excess complex is created, removed and dried for off-site disposal. Treated bulk fluids exit from the bottom (below the surface) and are routed to the Aqueous Phase Galvanic Separator. Galvanic filter media is recharged in the Polarity Conversion Unit for reuse. Hard surfaces are decontaminated using the amphiphilic decontamination wand to disorganize surface polarity. Catalytic oxidation and granular activated carbon systems are also used to capture, destroy and measure classic contaminants and cleaved hydrocarbons from fluorinated precursors during treatment.

The present invention relates to a method for zero-release treatment of brine waste water, comprising: (1) pretreatment; (2) reverse osmosis treatment; (3) advanced oxidation treatment; (4) biochemical treatment; (5) electrodialysis concentration; (6) circulating crystallization. Compared with the prior art, the method for zero-release treatment of brine waste water provided in the present invention realizes zero release or near zero release of waste water, improves salt recovery efficiency, can recover high-quality sodium sulfate, mirabilite and sodium chloride, and turns crystalline salts into a resource; the membrane treatment unit can operates stably in the process for a long operation period at a low cost, and the entire process has high economic efficiency.

A method for recovering lithium from low-content extraction tailwater and recycling extraction tailwater is provided. The disclosure is characterized that recovery of lithium from lithium-containing extraction tailwater is achieved by adding calcium to remove fluorine, carrying out evaporative crystallization and precipitating lithium salts. Recycle of extraction tailwater is achieved by adopting the following steps: in the lithium-containing extraction tailwater, adding calcium to remove fluorine, carrying out evaporative crystallization, recovering condensate water, precipitating a lithium salt and recycling mother liquor. According to the disclosure, lithium is recovered from low-content extraction tailwater via enrichment and sodium sulfate and distilled water therein are incidentally recovered, so that zero release of battery waste treatment wastewater is achieved.

A method for recovering lithium from low-content extraction tailwater and recycling extraction tailwater is provided. The disclosure is characterized that recovery of lithium from lithium-containing extraction tailwater is achieved by adding calcium to remove fluorine, carrying out evaporative crystallization and precipitating lithium salts. Recycle of extraction tailwater is achieved by adopting the following steps: in the lithium-containing extraction tailwater, adding calcium to remove fluorine, carrying out evaporative crystallization, recovering condensate water, precipitating a lithium salt and recycling mother liquor. According to the disclosure, lithium is recovered from low-content extraction tailwater via enrichment and sodium sulfate and distilled water therein are incidentally recovered, so that zero release of battery waste treatment wastewater is achieved.

A water savings system and method for reducing the amount of water needed for adiabatic cooling including the use of a softener and a reverse osmosis device, in which tap water, softened if necessary, is delivered to a reverse osmosis device and softened water alone, reverse osmosis reject water, or softened water combined with reverse osmosis reject water is delivered to spray nozzles for cooling, and reverse osmosis pure water is stored and used periodically to flush the coils to inhibit and/or prevent corrosion from dissolved salts and other solids in the spray water.

Disclosed are methods, apparatuses and systems for the remediation of contaminated soils, groundwater, water, and/or waste using a combination of reagents. The disclosed methods may be used to treat various recalcitrant halogenated substances, such as perfluoroalkyls and polyfluoroalkyls. Particular combinations of reagents that may be used in the disclosed methods include but are not limited to: (1) persulfate, oxygen and ozone; (2) persulfate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (3) persulfate, phosphate, and/or oxygen; (4) persulfate, phosphate, oxygen and ozone; (5) persulfate, phosphate, salt and oxygen (6) persulfate, phosphate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (7) oxygen and salt; and (8) air and salt. The disclosed methods may include the transfer of contaminants from an aqueous phase to a foam prior to the destruction of the contaminants.

Systems for treating air in a wet well are provided. For example, a system comprises a housing with inlet and outlet openings, where the inlet opening is on the bottom wall. The inlet opening is covered by a screen or has a filter installed within or adjacent to the opening. The system further comprising an ionization device configured to generate bi-polar ions within a compartment of the housing and a fan disposed within the compartment. The fan has an air outlet mounted to the wall of a body of the housing orthogonal to the bottom wall, where the air outlet of the fan is aligned with the outlet opening in the wall. Power is supplied from an external power source. The power is selectively connected to at least the ionization device based on a criterion.

Provided herein are copolymers and copolymer compositions that are both hydrophilic and oleophobic. The copolymers include structural units derived from a fluoroalkyl monomer and a zwitterionic monomer. It further relates to membranes formed by coating a porous substrate with the copolymeric compositions. The copolymeric coating imparts hydrophilicity and oleophobicity/oil-tolerance to the membranes. The uses of such membranes as microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane are also provided.