Provided herein are copolymers and copolymer compositions that are both hydrophilic and oleophobic. The copolymers include structural units derived from a fluoroalkyl monomer and a zwitterionic monomer. It further relates to membranes formed by coating a porous substrate with the copolymeric compositions. The copolymeric coating imparts hydrophilicity and oleophobicity/oil-tolerance to the membranes. The uses of such membranes as microfiltration membrane or ultrafiltration membrane are also provided.

An apparatus has a platinum group metal carrying resin column provided in a supply line of ultrapure water, and has a pH adjuster injection device and a redox potential adjuster injection device provided in a later stage thereof. The apparatus has a membrane-type deaeration apparatus and a gas dissolving membrane apparatus sequentially provided in a later stage of the devices, and a discharge line communicates with the gas dissolving membrane apparatus. A pH meter and an ORP meter are each provided at some midpoint in the discharge line, and the pH meter and the ORP meter are connected to a control device. Then, the control device controls the amount of adjusters to be injected from the pH adjuster injection device and the redox potential adjuster injection device, on the basis of the measurement results of the pH meter and the ORP meter.

An apparatus has a platinum group metal carrying resin column provided in a supply line of ultrapure water, and has a pH adjuster injection device and a redox potential adjuster injection device provided in a later stage thereof. The apparatus has a membrane-type deaeration apparatus and a gas dissolving membrane apparatus sequentially provided in a later stage of the devices, and a discharge line communicates with the gas dissolving membrane apparatus. A pH meter and an ORP meter are each provided at some midpoint in the discharge line, and the pH meter and the ORP meter are connected to a control device. Then, the control device controls the amount of adjusters to be injected from the pH adjuster injection device and the redox potential adjuster injection device, on the basis of the measurement results of the pH meter and the ORP meter.

Provided are an absorbing column in which flue gas containing sulfur oxides is desulfurized by seawater and a reactor vessel in which alkali earth metal or alkali metal is added to the seawater having absorbed the sulfur oxides from the flue gas in the absorbing column to produce a compound which is stable like minerals.

Disclosed are methods, apparatuses and systems for the remediation of contaminated soils, groundwater, water, and/or waste using a combination of reagents. The disclosed methods may be used to treat various recalcitrant halogenated substances, such as perfluoroalkyls and polyfluoroalkyls. Particular combinations of reagents that may be used in the disclosed methods include but are not limited to: (1) persulfate, oxygen and ozone; (2) persulfate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (3) persulfate, phosphate, and/or oxygen; (4) persulfate, phosphate, oxygen and ozone; (5) persulfate, phosphate, salt and oxygen (6) persulfate, phosphate, salt, oxygen and ozone; (7) oxygen and salt; and (8) air and salt. The disclosed methods may enhance destruction of organic contaminants in the liquid phase and may also control the rate of aerosol or foam formation relative to the rate of chemical oxidation and/or reduction/transfer.

The present invention provides processes for removing nitrogen species from fresh water or high salinity water recirculated aquaculture systems. The processes are based on physico-chemical treatments which are performed at ambient temperatures and at low pH values thus keeping the total ammonia nitrogen concentrations below a value which is considered detrimental for the growth or survival rate of cultured fish/shrimp.

Strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticle and various concentrations of chitosan (CS)-doped SrO nanocomposite were synthesized via co-precipitation method. A variety of characterization techniques including were done for characterizing and qualifying the nanocomposite. X ray powder diffraction affirmed cubic and tetragonal structure of SrO nanoparticle and CS-doped SrO nanocomposite with a decrease in crystallinity upon doping. Fourier transform infrared spectrum endorsed existing functional groups on CS/SrO surfaces while d-spacing was estimated using high resolution Transmission electron microscopes images. UV-Visible and Photoluminescence spectroscopy spectra showed an increase in band gap energies with an increase in doping concentration. Elemental composition of CS-doped SrO nanocomposite deposited with different doping concentrations was studied using Energy dispersive Spectroscopy. Addition of chitosan resulted in the formation of nanocomposite and rod-like structures that led to enhanced catalytic activity during methylene blue ciprofloxacin degradation in the presence of reducing agent sodium borohydrate at various pH conditions.

Strontium oxide (SrO) nanoparticle and various concentrations of chitosan (CS)-doped SrO nanocomposite were synthesized via co-precipitation method. A variety of characterization techniques including were done for characterizing and qualifying the nanocomposite. X ray powder diffraction affirmed cubic and tetragonal structure of SrO nanoparticle and CS-doped SrO nanocomposite with a decrease in crystallinity upon doping. Fourier transform infrared spectrum endorsed existing functional groups on CS/SrO surfaces while d-spacing was estimated using high resolution Transmission electron microscopes images. UV-Visible and Photoluminescence spectroscopy spectra showed an increase in band gap energies with an increase in doping concentration. Elemental composition of CS-doped SrO nanocomposite deposited with different doping concentrations was studied using Energy dispersive Spectroscopy. Addition of chitosan resulted in the formation of nanocomposite and rod-like structures that led to enhanced catalytic activity during methylene blue ciprofloxacin degradation in the presence of reducing agent sodium borohydrate at various pH conditions.

A method for treating phosphate-containing wastewater, such as phosphogypsum pond water. The method includes the steps of: (a) adding a first cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluorosilicate from the wastewater; (b) adding a second cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluoride from the wastewater; (c) raising the pH of the wastewater to precipitate the second cation from the wastewater; (d) removing residual silica from the wastewater; and (e) precipitating phosphate from the wastewater. The precipitated fluorosilicate may be sodium fluorosilicate. The precipitated phosphate may be struvite.

A method for treating phosphate-containing wastewater, such as phosphogypsum pond water. The method includes the steps of: (a) adding a first cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluorosilicate from the wastewater; (b) adding a second cation to the wastewater to precipitate fluoride from the wastewater; (c) raising the pH of the wastewater to precipitate the second cation from the wastewater; (d) removing residual silica from the wastewater; and (e) precipitating phosphate from the wastewater. The precipitated fluorosilicate may be sodium fluorosilicate. The precipitated phosphate may be struvite.