The present invention is a wastewater treatment system utilizing a recirculating filter system comprising sand, gravel, or synthetic media. Septic effluent is continuously, or approximately continuously, dosed under pressure to the treatment media through pressure compensating drip irrigation emitters. The dosed effluent is treated and dispersed into a dispersal field using double coiled distribution lines that can alternate flow through emitters to rest the dispersal field. The double coil dispersal lines allow more emitters per unit area allowing treatment of the effluent more slowly and effectively.

A water recycling system for reprocessing and reusing bathing water from a bath or shower. The bathing water recycling system treats and reuses water that overflows from a bathtub or shower pan. The used bathing water is captured and retained after use. The captured dirty water is then filtered and purified. The filtered and purified water can be redistributed back into the shower or bathtub for reuse alone or in combination with additional fresh water. The treated water may also be rewarmed prior to reuse. Unneeded greywater water is redirected to the drain for disposal.

Fusion proteins containing a targeting sequence, an exosporium protein, or an exosporium protein fragment that targets the fusion protein to the exosporium of a Bacillus cereus family member are provided. Recombinant Bacillus cereus family members expressing such fusion proteins are also provided. Genetically inactivated Bacillus cereus family members and recombinant Bacillus cereus family members that overexpress exosporium proteins are also provided. Seeds coated with the recombinant Bacillus cereus family members and methods for using the recombinant Bacillus cereus family members (e.g., for stimulating plant growth) are also provided. Various modifications of the recombinant Bacillus cereus family members that express the fusion proteins are further provided. Fusion proteins comprising a spore coat protein and a protein or peptide of interest, recombinant bacteria that express such fusion proteins, seeds coated with such recombinant bacteria, and methods for using such recombinant bacteria (e.g., for stimulating plant growth) are also provided.

A water treatment system includes a bioreactor having a tank configured to receive an influent liquid, a separator structure positioned in the tank, an aeration vent positioned in the tank and configured to direct air into the tank, but not directly into the interior of the separator structure; and an effluent outlet communicating with the interior of the separator structure through which a relatively clean effluent liquid, exits from the separator structure via the effluent outlet, a filter tank in fluid communication with the effluent outlet of the tank, and an ozone generator in communication downstream of the filter tank, for oxidizing the effluent liquid.

A disinfection apparatus and method is provided for disinfecting a fluid. The apparatus elements define three internal container volumes. Fluid is introduced into an entry volume where its flow is conditioned to reduce splash and slow the fluid flow. The fluid is then channeled into a disinfection volume where a disinfection unit delivers a disinfection agent to the fluid. Finally, the fluid exits the apparatus through an exit volume. In one aspect, a sink-trap is disclosed in which wastewater liquid contacts a pair of diverters. The diverters have conditioned contact surfaces that slows and spreads the liquid flow and reduces liquid splash. The wastewater then passes through a UV chamber in which it is disinfected. The liquid then exits the sink-trap. Advanced self-cleaning apparatus are additionally disclosed to clean and disinfect the sink-trap and trapped wastewater. The entire apparatus operates under computer control.

In a first aspect, the present application relates to a method for the treatment of black water, comprising the steps of: collecting black water; treating said black water in an electrocoagulation cell with iron or aluminum electrode, such that electrocoagulation effluent and electrocoagulation sludge are obtained; separating the electrocoagulation sludge from the electrocoagulation effluent; disinfecting said electrocoagulation effluent in an electro-oxidation cell with a titanium or stainless-steel electrode, obtaining disinfected effluent. In a further aspect, the current application relates to a closed toilet system.

Disclosed herein is a device for improving the quality of rainwater/stormwater by removing pollutants therefrom. The device comprises a substantially cylindrical tank having an inlet for entry of water and an outlet for discharge of water. A coarse filter is provided in the tank for filtering gross pollutants from inflowing water, the coarse filter dividing the tank into an upstream first region/chamber and a downstream second region/chamber. A fine pollutant discharge opening is located between the coarse filter and the outlet. A valve comprising a valve member for opening and closing the fine pollutant discharge opening is configured to automatically open the fine pollutant discharge opening to discharge an initial volume of the water passing the coarse filter, the valve member being biased toward a configuration for closure of the fine pollutant discharge opening during an inflow event. The water passing through the fine pollutant discharge opening bypasses the outlet.

Silver is recovered as Ag.sup.0 nanoparticles from the spent solution obtained from the regeneration of an Ag-loaded ion exchange resin using electrolysis. The reclaimed regenerant solution is recycled and reused in a closed-loop scheme over multiple cycles. The recovered Ag.sup.0 nanoparticles are monodisperse, spherical in shape, and have a mean diameter of about 6 nm.

The efficiency of water disinfection can be significantly increased by supplying the ozone in combination with oxygen to an inlet of a cavitation pump. The ozone and the oxygen are turned into ultra-fine bubbles via cavitation action within the pump, facilitating the dissolution of the oxygen and ozone within the water. The water mixed with the oxygen and the ozone is subsequently supplied to a line atomizer, where the dissolution of the ozone within the mixture is completed. The combined use of the cavitation pump and the line atomizer can lead to a substantially complete dissolution of the supplied ozone within water that needs to be disinfected, allowing to easily achieve the concentration of ozone necessary for water disinfection. Due to this efficiency, the system and method described are highly scalable and suitable for water purification at water purification plants of various sizes.

This application relates to a water treatment process. The process comprises contacting contaminated water with a catalyst, introducing hydrogen and an oxygen-containing gas into the contaminated water, and reacting hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of the catalyst and the contaminated water.