An agent for removing malodor from a painting booth includes a volatile organic compound (VOC) degrading microorganism and a volatile fatty acid (VFA) degrading microorganism. The VOC degrading microorganism is configured to degrade VOC. The VFA degrading microorganism is configured to degrade VFA generated when the VOC is degraded.A method of removing malodor is also disclosed.

Provided is an agent for treating water circulating through a wet paint booth, the agent being capable of reducing the adhesion of a solvent-based paint and coagulating a solvent-based paint to a sufficient degree regardless of the type of the paint, the type of the curing agent used, or the facility conditions, the agent also being capable of markedly reducing the foaming of a water-based paint, even when being used in a small amount. An agent for treating water circulating through a wet paint booth includes a phenolic resin having a weight-average molecular weight of more than 3,000 and 100,000 or less, the phenolic resin serving as an active component. A method for treating circulating water circulating through a wet paint booth includes coagulating a water-based paint and/or a solvent-based paint included in the circulating water by adding the agent to the circulating water.

An adequate control of a pH of circulating water circulating through a wet paint booth enables an efficient coagulation treatment of a paint included in the circulating water. A method for treating circulating water circulating through a wet paint booth and including a paint includes treating the paint included in the circulating water by adding an alkaline solution of a phenolic resin to the circulating water, and adjusting a pH of the circulating water to 6.5 to 8.0. An amount of the alkaline solution of the phenolic resin added to the circulating water is increased when the pH of the circulating water is a predetermined value of 8.0 or less. An acidic aluminum salt is further added to the circulating water. An amount of the acidic aluminum salt added to the circulating water is increased when the pH of the circulating water is a predetermined value of 6.5 or more.

The invention relates to a process for the selective precipitation of at least one conjugate base and/or at least one metal cation from an acidic preparation by neutralization as well as the use of an aqueous slurry of at least one calcium carbonate source for the selective precipitation of at least one conjugate base and/or at least one metal cation from an acidic preparation by neutralization.

One disclosed system includes: (a) a fan directing an initial air stream to a heater with sufficient heating capacity to heat said initial airstream to a temperature of 200 C. to 350 C. and output a heated air stream; and (b) an air to air heat exchanger positioned and configured to use said heated air stream to preheat said initial airstream prior to its arrival at said heater. Additional systems and corresponding methods are disclosed.

A biocidal composition comprising a synergistic ratio of 2,2-dibromomalonamide and hydroxymethyl-substituted phosphorus compound, and its use for the control of microorganisms in aqueous and water-containing systems.

Provided are biocidal compositions comprising glutaraldehyde and a compound selected from the group consisting of 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane; tris(hydroxymethyl)-nitromethane; and a hexahydrotriazine compound. The compositions are useful for controlling microorganisms in aqueous or water-containing systems.

The present invention relates to a novel forward osmosis (FO) process for dewatering of a variety of feed solution using low water activity and high osmotic pressure deep eutectic solvent with and without dispersed magnetic nanoparticles as draw solution. In particular, choline chloride-ethylene glycol, choline chloride-glycerol, Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 dispersed in former and latter were utilized as draw solution in FO for one step desalination of brackish and seawater, water recovery from effluent of leather and dye industries, protein and DNA concentration at room temperature. Owing to very low freezing point, the diluted draw solution after FO was recovered through phase separation by chilling at Ca. 10 C. with concomitant production of usable water. Although the present invention focused on specific DES and dispersion of Fe.sub.3O.sub.4 as magnetic nanoparticles but use of other DES having high osmotic pressure and low freezing point and other magnetic nanoparticles dispersion are logical extension of present invention.

In an embodiment, a circuit includes: a transformer defining an inductive footprint within a first layer; a grounded shield bounded by the inductive footprint within a second layer separate from the first layer; and a circuit component bounded by the inductive footprint within a third layer separate from the second layer, wherein: the circuit component is coupled with the transformer through the second layer, and the third layer is separated from the first layer by the second layer.

A substance is treated using a device having: (a) a volute or cyclone head, (b) a throat connected to the volute or cyclone head, (c) a parabolic reflector connected to the throat, (d) a first wave energy source comprising a first electrode within the volute or cyclone head that extends through the outlet into the opening of the throat along the central axis, and a second electrode extending into the parabolic reflector and spaced apart and axially aligned with first electrode, and (e) a second wave energy source disposed inside the throat, embedded within the throat or disposed around the throat. The substance is directed to the inlet of the volute or cyclone head and irradiated with one or more wave energies produced by the first and second wave energy sources as the substance passes through the device.