According to some embodiments, a system for desalination of a liquid comprises at least one primary treatment process, at least one secondary treatment process, wherein the at least one secondary treatment process comprises at least one reactor, and at least one tertiary treatment process, wherein the at least one primary treatment process is configured to adjust a pH of the liquid to target pH level and to add at least one chemical additive to the liquid, wherein the at least one reactor is configured to heat the liquid to a temperature of at least 350? F. and to supply a pressure to the liquid to maintain the liquid in a liquid state, and wherein the dissolved salt of the liquid is configured to react with at least a portion of the at least one chemical additive to form an insoluble product within the at least one reactor.

According to some embodiments, a system for desalination of a liquid comprises at least one primary treatment process, at least one secondary treatment process, wherein the at least one secondary treatment process comprises at least one reactor, and at least one tertiary treatment process, wherein the at least one primary treatment process is configured to adjust a pH of the liquid to target pH level and to add at least one chemical additive to the liquid, wherein the at least one reactor is configured to heat the liquid to a temperature of at least 350? F. and to supply a pressure to the liquid to maintain the liquid in a liquid state, and wherein the dissolved salt of the liquid is configured to react with at least a portion of the at least one chemical additive to form an insoluble product within the at least one reactor.

A water treatment system includes a magnetic electrode stage structured to receive water and to subject the water to a plurality of magnetic fields alternating in polarity, a static mixer stage coupled to an output of the magnetic electrode stage and structured to direct the water through an alloy mesh, a high voltage electrode stage coupled to an output of the static mixer stage and structured to subject the water to an electrostatic field.

Disclosed is a water treatment device using an electrostatic field which configures a water treatment device to generate a large amount of static electricity between a high voltage unit (+) and a low voltage unit (?) by installing the high voltage unit (+) and the low voltage unit (?) to be close to each other while crossing the high voltage unit (+) and a low voltage unit (?) each other, and supplying power to sufficiently obtain low-hardness water in spite of configuring the water treatment device in a small size and installing the water treatment device on a pipe in which water flows.

A monitored inline hard water processing assembly for conditioning hard water includes a cannister, which is cathodic, a disc, and a rod, which is anodic. The disc is removably couplable to a top of the cannister. The disc has a pair of channels positioned therethrough, each of which is in fluidic communication with an interior space defined by the cannister. The rod is removably couplable to the disc so that the rod is electrically insulated from the disc and extends into the interior space. A monitoring unit, which is electrically coupled to the cannister and the rod, is operationally couplable to a source of electrical current to provide a flow of direct current through the rod, the cannister, and water flowing therethrough. The monitoring unit comprises an indicator, which can indicate at least two resistance states of the rod.

Methods and systems for generation and deployment of a structurally altered gas molecules derived from water are provided. An example method includes combining purified water with a compound mixture. The compound mixture is non-reactive with the water and a conductor of an electric field and a magnetic field. The method includes applying the magnetic field and the electric field to the combination of the purified water and the compound mixture to cause generation of the structurally altered gas molecules. The structurally altered gas molecules have a higher probability of attraction of electrons into areas adjunct to the structurally altered gas molecules than molecules of the purified water. The method further includes introducing the structurally altered gas molecules into an environment of a chemical process. The structurally altered gas molecules facilitate electron transfers during the chemical process, thereby increasing output of the chemical process.

Electrocoagulation (EC) reactors having pellet flow circuits are disclosed. In one embodiment, the EC reactor includes a reactor vessel having a first inlet and an outlet through which a contaminated feed stream is received and discharged, respectively. An EC reaction chamber is located within the reactor vessel, fluidly coupled between the first inlet and the outlet, and configured to be loaded with consumable EC pellets. The EC reactor further includes an EC pellet flow circuit around which the consumable EC pellets circulate as the contaminated feed stream flows through the EC reaction chamber. First and second electrodes are coupled to the reactor vessel and positioned to generate an electrical field. The consumable EC pellets are exposed to (e.g., pass through or circulate within) the electrical field to induce coagulation of contaminants within the contaminated feed stream as the feed stream flows through the EC reaction chamber.

Disclosed is a water treatment apparatus including a pipe. Elements disposed in the pipe are respectively made of lead-free brass and nontoxic ultra high molecular weight polyethylene instead of brass and plastic polyethylene that are conventionally used materials. Therefore, when the elements come into contact with water, neither heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), nor organic and inorganic substances harmful to the human body are produced.

A water dispenser for magnetic treatment of water, comprising a cylinder (4) defining a chamber (3), a bottom part (2) with an opening for leading water into the chamber (3), and a top part (16) with an opening for leading water out of the dispenser (1). A central pillar (5) inside the cylinder (4) and reaching upward from the bottom part (2) holds one or more magnets (6) which create a magnetic field through which water must pass after being fed into the chamber (3) before it can be led out of the opening in the top part (16). A filter holder (7) may be positioned on top of the pillar (5) and configured to hold a filter (15) through which water must pass between the chamber (3) and the opening in the upper part (16).

A purification apparatus includes a radio frequency (RF) signal source that generates an RF signal, first and second electrodes, and a conduit. The first electrode receives the RF signal and converts it into electromagnetic energy that is radiated by the first electrode. The conduit includes input and output ports and a chamber. The input and output ports are in fluid communication with the chamber, and the chamber is configured to receive an electrodeless bulb. The chamber is defined by first and second boundaries that are separated by a distance that is less than the wavelength of the RF signal so that the chamber is sub-resonant. The first electrode is physically positioned at the first boundary, and the second electrode is physically positioned at the second boundary. The first and second electrodes and the chamber form a structure that capacitively couples the electromagnetic energy into an electrodeless bulb within the chamber.