The method includes concentrating a source water including sodium ions and at least one of calcium and magnesium ions with a reverse osmosis filter to produce a reject water containing sodium ions and at least one of calcium and magnesium ions, adding sodium ions to the reject water to produce a regeneration water, and feeding the regeneration water through a water softener including a resin containing at least one of calcium and magnesium ions. The regeneration water has Na.sup.+: (Mg.sup.2++Ca.sup.2+) of 10:1 to 10000:1. The method includes desalinating groundwater in a desalination plant to produce purified water and a groundwater concentrate, adding sodium ions to the groundwater concentrate to produce regeneration water, cyclically feeding a process water to a water softener containing an ion exchange resin and feeding the regeneration water to the water softener containing spent ion exchange resin and regenerating the spent ion exchange resin.

An apparatus, system and method to purify produced water from a wellbore using energy. The apparatus comprises a wellbore with a wellhead attached to the wellbore; at least one energy recapture device connected to the wellhead of the wellbore with produced water, wherein the at least one energy recapture device captures fluid pressure of the production fluids including produced water; and at least one reverse osmosis membrane connected to the pressure recapture device wherein the at least one reverse osmosis membrane uses at least a portion of the fluid pressure from the energy recapture device to move a volume of the produced water through the reverse osmosis membrane to remove contaminates from the produced water to create purified water. The method comprises steps to use the apparatus and the system comprises a control panel that operates the at least one energy recapture device and the at least one reverse osmosis membrane in a coordinated manner.

Processes for removing heat stable amine salts from a contaminated aqueous amine solution are proposed comprising passing a feedstream of the contaminated aqueous amine solution in an electrodialysis zone comprising at least one repeat unit with an amine solution compartment for receiving the feedstream, a waste compartment, and an anion source compartment receiving an anion source stream or a bi-polar membrane disposed for providing anions balancing the heat stable anions. Monitoring of an anion source-related parameter being correlated to the anion source concentration of the anion-depleted source stream, or of a waste parameter being correlated to an acid concentration of the waste stream, is performed to further adjust an addition of the anion source or a removal of the waste stream in accordance with the monitored parameter.

A multi-stage floatation dispenser for carrying a ballast, which may be a non-water consumable dispersant and at least one water consumable dispersant wherein the weight of the water consumable dispersant decreases as the water consumable dispersant is consumed with the weight of water consumable dispersant and the non-water consumable coordinated with the flotation capacity of a flotation dispenser to provide for either a two stage or a three stage dispensing mode.

A multi-stage floatation dispenser for carrying a ballast, which may be a non-water consumable dispersant and at least one water consumable dispersant wherein the weight of the water consumable dispersant decreases as the water consumable dispersant is consumed with the weight of water consumable dispersant and the non-water consumable coordinated with the flotation capacity of a flotation dispenser to provide for either a two stage or a three stage dispensing mode.

A method for separating solid particulates from waste water includes receiving a first stream of waste water, and adjusting a specific gravity of the received waste water to within a pre-selected range. The method also includes channeling the adjusted waste water to a first hydro-cyclone system. The first hydro-cyclone system separates a first portion of solid particulates from the adjusted waste water. The method further includes transferring the first portion of solid particulates to a vibrating dewatering screen. The vibrating dewatering screen separates residual water from the first portion of solid particulates.

Water treatment systems and associated methods are generally described. Certain of the water treatment systems and methods described herein can be used to pre-treat an aqueous stream that is subsequently transported to a desalination apparatus and/or post-treat an aqueous stream that has been produced by a desalination apparatus.

A power control device supplies electrolysis voltage and electrolysis current, based on input direct-current power, to an electrolytic cell for manufacturing electrolysis water by electrolysis on a raw material solution by means of electric current applied between an anode and a cathode. The power control device includes: a voltage-current control circuit that, in a constant current control mode, supplies the electrolysis current to the electrolytic cell while the voltage-current control circuit controls the electrolysis current not to exceed a current value of a reference current, the current value of the reference current being preliminarily set according to a rated current of unit cells constituting the electrolytic cell, the voltage-current control circuit, in a constant voltage control mode, supplying the electrolysis voltage to the electrolytic cell while the voltage-current control circuit controls the electrolysis voltage not to exceed a voltage value of a reference voltage, the voltage value of the reference voltage being preliminarily set according to a rated voltage and the number of the unit cells constituting the electrolytic cell. The voltage-current control circuit switches between the constant current control mode and the constant voltage control mode, according to a concentration of electrolyte solution within the electrolytic cell.

A system and method for evaporative treatment or wastewater which minimizes scaling and system maintenance is disclosed. The apparatus can include an evaporation vessel with a heating source to evaporate water from a solution under treatment and a drain valve for draining the solution after treatment. The apparatus can also include one or more sensors configured to measure parameters of a solution under treatment and a user programmable controller to control the treatment process based on such measurements. A user can configure the controller to define the detection of a solution's critical state where contaminant concentrations are maximized yet scaling is minimized. When a critical state of the solution is reached a portion of the treated solution can be removed and the vessel refill with new wastewater thereby lowering the concentration of the remaining solution the repealing the evaporation and drain cycle until all wastewater has been treated.

A water quality monitoring device (111) determines the speed of a wave passing through water present upstream of a reverse osmosis membrane (109). A process for reducing the concentration of organic matter in water present upstream of the reverse osmosis membrane is performed when the determined speed is greater than a predetermined threshold speed.