The present invention relates to a method of determining the total organic carbon content (TOC) of a purified water stream in a water purification apparatus having at least a first pump, a first conductivity sensor, an oxidiser, and an oxidiser recirculation circuit having a dedicated second pump, the method comprising at least the steps of: (a) using the first pump to pass a water supply stream through the water purification apparatus, including through the first conductivity sensor and the oxidiser, to provide a purified water stream available for dispense; (b) using the first conductivity sensor to measure a first conductivity value of the water supply stream prior to the oxidiser; (c) stopping the first pump; (d) using the second pump in the oxidiser recirculation circuit to recirculate the water in the oxidiser only through the first conductivity sensor and the oxidiser a plurality of times, (e) using the first conductivity sensor to measure a second conductivity value of the recirculated water; and (f) calculating the TOC of the water in the oxidiser prior to step (d), from the first and second conductivity values.

A conditioning system for a filter module is disclosed. The conditioning system may generally include an inlet, a heat exchanger, a magnetically levitated pump, a channel provided to bypass the heat exchanger, a controller, an outlet, and a base. The system may have components lined with corrosion-resistant materials. A method of conditioning a filter module is also disclosed. The method may generally include measuring TOC in a source of ultrapure water, heating the ultrapure water, rinsing a filter module with the heated water, flushing the filter module with ambient temperature water, and repeating the rinsing with heated water and flushing with ambient temperature water. A method of facilitating conditioning of the filter module is also disclosed. The method may generally include providing a portable filter module conditioning system and providing instructions for installation or use.

A method, system, and computer readable storage medium for determining an optimal amount of coagulant to be added to water for coagulation treatment. The method includes predicting a water quality index that would be achieved for a corresponding nominal coagulant dose by evaluating at least one coagulation-related incoming water parameter of water that has not been treated with coagulant, with a first mathematical model constructed from historical data including (i) previously administered coagulant dosages; and (ii) previously determined values of the water quality index of the water. The method also includes determining whether the predicted water quality index is within a target range. If the predicted quality index is not within the target range, then the coagulant dosage can be adjusted, and the adjusted dosage can be evaluated to predict the water quality index that would be achieved if the adjusted coagulant dosage is administered to the water.

Methods of treating CMP wastewater comprising azoles are disclosed. The method includes providing the wastewater having a first azole concentration, introducing the wastewater to an inlet of a wastewater treatment system constructed and arranged to produce and introduce free radicals into the wastewater, and activating the wastewater treatment system to produce and introduce the free radicals into the wastewater in an amount sufficient to reduce the azole concentration in the wastewater and produce treated water having a second azole concentration, less than the first azole concentration. Methods of facilitating treatment of CMP wastewater comprising azoles by providing a water treatment system constructed and arranged to produce and introduce free radicals into the wastewater are disclosed.

Provided herein is a process for the removal of micropollutants and/or other pollutants from water, involving subjecting the water to a consecutive combination of biological adsorbent filtration (BAF) followed by oxidation treatment (OT), preferably ozone treatment. In a preferred embodiment, an adjustable amount of the OT effluent, preferably an adjustable amount ranging between 10-100%, more preferably 20-90%, more preferably 20-80%, most preferably 20-50% of the OT effluent, is recirculated to the BAF. The process may involve monitoring the formation of oxidation products at the end of the OT, and/or for measuring TOC, DOC, SUVA, ammonium and/or specifically targeted pollutants in or at the end of the BAF, and controlling the amount of BAF-OT treated water which is recirculated to the consecutive steps of BAF and OT based on the output of the monitoring step.

A water treatment system that is equipped with a membrane separator and an ion exchange device and that treats target water includes a first distribution pipe that simultaneously supplies chemical solution to the membrane separator and the ion exchange device in parallel, a first group of valves installed in the first distribution pipe, and a controller that controls the opening and closing of the first group of valves.

A pure water supplying machine that is connected to a pure water production device to supply pure water in response to a request by a user, includes: a valve installed in a flow path of pure water to a discharge unit that discharges pure water; a foot controller that is operated by a foot of a user to generate a signal indicating an operation amount; and a control unit that receives the signal from the foot controller and controls the valve to have an opening degree corresponding to the operation amount.

A method of removing pollutants from wastewater, the method including a) separating the wastewater into first treated water containing monovalent ions and second treated water containing multivalent ions, b) concentrating the monovalent ions in the first treated water to produce concentrated water, c) electrochemically reducing nitric acid in the concentrated water, and d) electrochemically oxidizing organic matter in the second treated water. According to the above method, the pollutants in the wastewater can be removed efficiently and environmentally.

Described are methods for monitoring marine water-body sustainability at a site of discharge of water into the water-body. Typically, the discharge of water occurs at a discharge of streams, rivers, water purification plants, water desalination plants, power plants, and discharge of oil refineries. The methods provide for daily, quarterly, as well as annual monitoring of water-body quality to ensure sustainability. The methods typically include establishing monitoring sites at a plurality of designated distances from the site of discharge, at a plurality of designated depths at the monitoring sites, and obtaining samples from the water-body at the monitoring sites. Interrogating the obtained samples for physical and chemical monitoring, biological monitoring, biochemical and organic monitoring, microbial monitoring, and phylogenetic analysis, as well as monitoring the sites for marine observational surveys, helps establish the marine water-body sustainability at a site of discharge.

Methods for treating water in a water system to reduce the amount of trihalomethanes (THM) in the water. The methods include combining with the water a stabilized halogen biocide that is stabilized with at least one of sulfamic acid and a hydantoin in sufficient amounts so that the water has a residual total halogen amount that is from 0.1 ppm to 50 ppm, for example. The THM in the treated water can be significantly reduced as compared to treatments in which hypochlorous acid and/or hypobromous acid are the only antimicrobial agents.