Described herein is a system to provide continuously measurements of an analyte present in a fluid sample, particularly dissolved oxygen in wastewater. The system comprises a sample chamber absent of ambient light to contain the sample and in many embodiments employs a non-invasive method of measuring the analyte and determining the change over time in the concentration of the analyte. It is also an aspect of the invention to deliver analyte measurements in real-time and provides the operator with feedback in substantially less time after sample collection than previously accomplished in the field. It is another aspect of the invention to simultaneously or at least in a substantially short period of time thereafter measure temperature to remove initial error encountered at the start of analyte measurement at least until the sample chamber reaches thermal equilibrium.

Systems and methods for electrochemical hydrogen looping cells are described. Generating a pH swing can expedite carbon dioxide capture from oceanwater. Many embodiments implement electrochemical hydrogen looping cells that simultaneously produce acid via anodic hydrogen oxidation and base via cathodic hydrogen evolution to generate a pH change.

The present disclosure relates, in part, to enhanced weathering systems and/or apparatuses and methods of use thereof. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of at least partially sequestering CO.sub.2 from an influent aqueous solution comprising aqueous and/or gaseous CO.sub.2. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of at least partially sequestering CO.sub.2 from a gaseous CO.sub.2 source. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides systems and/or apparatuses suitable for use in the methods described herein. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of optimizing the design and operation of a system for at least partial sequestration of CO.sub.2 from a water source.

The invention provides methods and compositions for treating wash water from concrete production with carbon dioxide. The treated wash water can be reused as mix water in fresh batches of concrete.

Methods and systems are described for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by adding CO.sub.2-reactive chemical base to a body of water in contact with the atmosphere, and determining the quantity of carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere or prevented from reaching the atmosphere. The alkalinity addition to the body of water is controlled by a dosing apparatus capable of determining an amount of CO.sub.2-reactive alkalinity required for achieving a permissible target carbon dioxide removal. A rate of alkalinity flow is affected by input from sensors that monitor conditions in the body of water.

Processes and system are provided for digesting biosolids in a multistage digestion system. The processes and system are well suited for producing Class A biosolids and biogas containing a high content of methane. Methods and systems are also provided for recovery of phosphorus from wastewater and biosolids.

Disclosed herein are methods that include producing oil and natural gas from a subterranean formation; separating the oil and the natural gas; dissolving at least a portion of the natural gas in water; exposing microorganisms that consume hydrocarbons to the water having the natural gas dissolved therein; and allowing higher-level organisms to consume the microorganisms.

The present invention relates to an installation for the preparation of an aqueous solution comprising at least one earth alkali hydrogen carbonate, the use of the installation for the preparation of an aqueous solution comprising at least one earth alkali hydrogen carbonate as well as the use of the installation for the mineralization and/or stabilization of water.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of an aqueous solution comprising at least one earth alkali hydrogen carbonate, a process for the mineralization and/or stabilization of water as well as the use of the aqueous solution comprising at least one earth alkali hydrogen carbonate obtained by the process for the mineralization and/or stabilization of water.

This invention discloses a method of separating volatile acids and bases from liquid mixtures in wastewater treatment and aerobic culturing processes. The method uses the colligative properties of a solution to differentially separate solvent and acid vapors and employs novel techniques such as controlled volatilization, ion separation processes, and pH management to effectively remove these compounds while optimizing process efficiency. The invention facilitates the management of carbon dioxide accumulation, crucial for promoting autotrophic reactions and improving overall system performance.