Disclosed is a carrier, of which biofilms are appropriately adjustable in thickness. In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a complex carrier included in one component of a sewage treatment apparatus to allow microorganisms to be attached and grown therein. The complex carrier includes a first carrier having a plural spaces for microorganisms to be attached therein to allow microorganisms to be attached and grown therein; and a second carrier having a structure capable of penetrating or passing through the spaces of the first carrier to adjust the thickness of biofilms formed in the spaces of the first carrier.

There is described herein a consortium of micro-organisms comprising, consisting or consisting essentially of Rhizobium spp., Bacillus spp., and Pseudomonas spp.

Provided herein are methods and compositions for water disinfection. The methods and compositions, which can include a peracid and a source of iodine, are useful for treatment of water contaminated with recalcitrant microbes.

The efficiency of water disinfection can be significantly increased by supplying the ozone in combination with oxygen to an inlet of a cavitation pump. The ozone and the oxygen are turned into ultra-fine bubbles via cavitation action within the pump, facilitating the dissolution of the oxygen and ozone within the water. The water mixed with the oxygen and the ozone is subsequently supplied to a line atomizer, where the dissolution of the ozone within the mixture is completed. The combined use of the cavitation pump and the line atomizer can lead to a substantially complete dissolution of the supplied ozone within water that needs to be disinfected, allowing to easily achieve the concentration of ozone necessary for water disinfection. Due to this efficiency, the system and method described are highly scalable and suitable for water purification at water purification plants of various sizes.

A solution for treating a fluid, such as water, is provided. An ultraviolet transparency of a fluid can be determined before or as the fluid enters a disinfection chamber. In the disinfection chamber, the fluid can be irradiated by ultraviolet radiation to harm microorganisms that may be present in the fluid. One or more attributes of the disinfection chamber, fluid flow, and/or ultraviolet radiation can be adjusted based on the transparency to provide more efficient irradiation and/or higher disinfection rates. In addition, various attributes of the disinfection chamber, such as the position of the inlet(s) and outlet(s), the shape of the disinfection chamber, and other attributes of the disinfection chamber can be utilized to create a turbulent flow of the fluid within the disinfection chamber to promote mixing and improve uniform ultraviolet exposure.

A water quality and flow monitoring and control apparatus, method and system installed at an end user location and being capable of monitoring one or more of the following water quality parameters: microorganisms (including E. coli), mineral or other ion concentration, pH, temperature, and turbidity. The system also has a water meter that detects the flow of water and has a valve to shut the flow of water off upon detecting a fault condition such as a leak.

The system relates to a disk filter for effectively preventing scale formation in a water treatment process, and to a water treatment apparatus and method using the same. The disk filter includes a housing having a cylindrical shape, a raw water inlet formed at a predetermined position on the side surface of the housing, a raw water outlet formed at a central region in the bottom of the housing, a backwash water outlet formed at a central region in the top of the housing, a ceramic filter provided in a circular disk shape inside the housing, and a scale formation inhibitor loaded in a flow channel formed inside the ceramic filter, wherein raw water introduced via the raw water inlet passes through the ceramic filter and then through the flow channel filled with the scale formation inhibitor, and is then discharged via the raw water outlet.

The present invention relates to a system for monitoring quality of ballast water. The system comprises a central data hub comprising a data hub computer adapted for generating a set of acceptance criteria for ballast water quality parameters at one or more geographic positions based upon uploaded ballast water data from on-board computers of at least two vessels. The uploaded ballast water data indicates where, and possibly when, a volume of ballast water was loaded into a ballast water tank of each of the at least two vessels and the respective values of each of the ballast water quality parameters that are measured on each of the volumes of ballast water. The system for monitoring quality of ballast water further comprises at least two vessels, such as ships, each vessel comprising an on-board ballast water system comprises an on-board computer with a monitor, a data logger, a data storage for storage of a set of acceptance criteria for a number of the ballast water quality parameters corresponding to a geographical position and at least one geographical position. The on-board ballast water system further comprises detection means adapted for logging into the data logger the geographical position where the volume of ballast water is loaded into the ballast water tank and a number of ballast water quality sensors each being adapted for measuring at least one of the ballast water quality parameters of the ballast water in the ballast water piping or in ballast water tank. The on-board ballast water system is further adapted for logging ballast water data comprising a value of each of the ballast water quality parameters into the data logger and the on-board computer being further adapted for downloading the set of acceptance criteria from the central data hub and up-loading the ballast water data and the corresponding geographical position to the central data hub. The on-board computer is adapted to perform a comparison of the values of the ballast water quality parameters with corresponding acceptance criteria corresponding to said geographical position, and to display information on the monitor depending on said comparison.

A system and method for delivering silver ion biocide is described herein. The systems described relate to passing water from a water system through a silver ion release module and optional high-concentration silver ion release module. The system includes an analyzer, detector, and/or controller for monitoring the concentration of silver ion and adjusting the flow path, flow rate, temperature and/or pH of the water in order to obtain the desired concentration of silver ion. The system optionally includes other metal ions released into a water system, the concentration of which may be used to automatically calibrate the described system and/or cause the system to take actions based on the measured concentration of silver ion or of the second metal ion.

Ultraviolet irradiation of an aquatic environment for the purposes of sterilization, disinfection, and/or cleaning fluids and surfaces associated with the aquatic environment. The aquatic environment can be irradiated using an ultraviolet illuminator having at least one ultraviolet radiation source and at least one sensor to detect conditions of the aquatic environment including fluid conditions and/or surface conditions associated with the aquatic environment. A control unit, operatively coupled to the at least one ultraviolet radiation source and the at least one sensor, determines a presence of algae growth about the aquatic environment. The control unit is further configured to direct the at least one ultraviolet radiation source to irradiate the aquatic environment at locations where there is a presence of algae growth for removal and suppression of further growth, monitor the irradiation with the at least one sensor, and adjust irradiation parameters as a function of detected conditions.