A process for producing a calcium phosphate reactant, according to which: in a first step, use is made of a source of calcium and a source of phosphate ions in water, in a molar ratio that is adjusted so as to obtain a Ca/P molar ratio of between 0.5 and 1.6, and the source of calcium is reacted with the phosphate ions at a pH of between 2 and 8, in order to obtain a suspension (A) of calcium phosphate, and in a second step, added to the suspension (A) are an alkaline compound comprising hydroxide ions in order to set a pH of more than 8 and an additional source of calcium in order to obtain a suspension (B) of calcium phosphate reactant having a Ca/P molar ratio of more than 1.6. A calcium phosphate reactant obtainable by such a process.

A filtration system using lightweight fibrous media (LFM) that are pre-compressed either 1) manually; or 2) in-situ using hydraulic flow; and where the LFM are forced to separate and relax for cleaning either: 1) manually, 2) in-situ in their filter housing, or 3) in an auto-clean system using separate devices in order to enact a particularly aggressive cleaning process. A plurality of lightweight fibrous media balls are pre-compressed and used to form a single mass that can filter water as the media are compressed by pre-compression before installation, or by water flow pushing on a pre-compression plate during filtration thereby forming a single mass providing multitudes of tortuous paths through which water can flow and the media can capture small particulate matter.

A magnetite level monitoring device for a magnetic filter in a central heating system, the magnetic filter including a separation chamber, an inlet to the chamber and an outlet from the chamber, and a magnetic element disposed within the chamber for attracting magnetic particles and removing the magnetic particles from the system water as it flows through the chamber, and the monitoring device including: a housing for placing adjacent to the outside of the separation chamber; a magnetometer mounted to the housing; a magnetic field guide mounted to the housing, the magnetic field guide being disposed between the magnetometer and the outside of the separation chamber, when the housing is mounted to the separation chamber; and output means adapted to issue a notification when the output from the magnetometer exceeds a predetermined threshold.

The embodiments disclose a method including processing and treating at least one water source supply for mixing with humic acid and fulvic acid, chopping and pulverizing at least one humate source, mixing the chopped and pulverized at least one humate source with the processed and treated at least one water source supply, processing the chopped and pulverized at least one humate source and the processed and treated at least one water source supply for separating, segregating, and suspending fulvic acid and humic acid molecules from the at least one humate source, storing the fulvic acid and humic acid molecules in a fresh quantity of the treated water source supply, adjusting the pH level of the stored fulvic acid and humic acid, and creating at least one or more beverage product for human consumption using the fulvic acid and humic acid molecule ingredients and other ingredients including vitamins, flavorings and additives.

An ultrapure water (UPW) generation and verification system can include a cleaning chemical station, a cleanup column, a conductivity verification station, and a holding reservoir, in fluid communication with one another. The cleaning chemical station can be configured to selectably permit a flow of water to pass therethrough to the cleanup column or to block the flow of water and instead deliver a cleaning chemical to the cleanup column. The conductivity verification station can be configured to selectably perform at least one of the following: permit water to flow from the cleanup column to the holding reservoir; direct fluid to waste; or test the conductivity of the water for a purity level.

A water softening system includes a water feed channel through which water to be treated flows, and a crystallization unit that causes a metal ion contained in the water to be treated to precipitate. Further, the water softening system includes a separation unit that separates the water to be treated having passed through the crystallization unit into a crystal obtained through precipitation by the crystallization unit and soft water. Further, the water feed channel is configured so that at least a part thereof functions as a feed channel being a pressure application system in a substantially sealed state, and the crystallization unit and the separation unit are connected to parts corresponding to the feed channel being a pressure application system in a substantially sealed state in the water feed channel.

The present invention provides a multi-stage filter system suitable for the production of drinking water from a wide variety of contaminated water sources. The modular nature of the multi-stage filter system allows for the customization of filter combinations according to the remediation requirements. The multi-stage filter system comprises a coarse filter (S1); an ultrafiltration filter (S2); a graphene-based filter (S3); and a residual nanoparticle filter (S4). The graphene-based filter cartridge comprises few-layer graphene powder; a combination of few-layer graphene powder and pellets comprising a mixture of polyethersulfone, graphene oxide (GO), and dimethylformamide; a composite comprising chitosan, GO, sodium sulfate and ferric chloride; or a combination of few-layer graphene powder, granular activated carbon and a composite comprising chitosan, GO, sodium sulfate and ferric chloride.

A system for treating wastewater comprising a coagulation-flocculation assembly having a raw wastewater inlet and a coagulated-flocculated wastewater outlet; and a slurry separator comprising an intake area configured for receiving wastewater slurry from the coagulated-flocculated wastewater outlet, a liquid outlet, a sludge outlet, and a filtration module configured to facilitate percolating of liquid therethrough and forming of a filter cake thereon. The slurry separator being configured to receive slurry at the intake area, separate the slurry to liquid and sludge by the filtration module, remove the liquid via the liquid outlet, and convey the sludge from the intake area to the sludge outlet. The system further comprises a level maintaining arrangement configured to maintain at least a minimal level of the filter cake.

A reverse osmosis desalination system has a combined displacement pump and displacement pressure recovery motor that propagate feed water with a structurally fixed recovery rate and structurally stabilized volume flow through continuously alternating discharging and recirculation intervals. Thereby enabled is an instantaneous discharge of the entire feed water concentrate and unmixed replacement with low salinity source water that intermittingly and effectively flushes the reverse osmosis membranes. This in turn provides for high recirculation peak salinity and recovery rate that are simple and reliably controlled without impairing membrane longevity.

A method and apparatus for removing an organosilicon component from a mixture are disclosed. The method and apparatus employ a copolymer of a di-alkenyl functional aromatic hydrocarbon and a polyorganosiloxane as the sorbent.