Stabilized compositions employing a sequestrant system and a binding system for improving shelf stability and dispensing stability of a solid activated bleach composition are disclosed. The compositions contain a peroxygen source and a catalyst activator which require generation of a peroxycarboxylic acid or other active oxygen sanitizing agent at a point of use. Stabilized compositions employ a sequestrant system including a phosphonic acid and/or dipicolinic acid sequestrant and a binding system comprising an anionic surfactant for a solid formulation of a catalyst activator and peroxygen source to provide shelf stability and dispensing stability for a activated bleach composition. Methods of formulating and use are further disclosed.

A nanocomposite composition for controlling water hardness and a method of producing the nanocomposite, is disclosed. The nanocomposite composition comprises a plurality of semi-interpenetrating polymer network/zeolite-silver nanocomposite, including a polymer matrix. The polymer matrix is dispersed with a plurality of zeolite nanoparticles and a plurality of silver nanoparticles. The method of producing semi-interpenetrating polymer networks/zeolite-silver nanocomposite as hydrogel form comprises microemulsion polymerization of monomeric mixture uses methyl methacrylate (MMA) in presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM) cross-linker for MMA monomer, acrylamide (AAm), acrylic acid (AAc) and linear poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) monomers in the presence of N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) cross-linker and TX-100 surfactant. Further, the prepared nanocomposite is a water hardness removal filter and an efficient inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacteria nanocomposite. Also, the water filter cartridge exhibits a stable filtration performance during large scale production with reduced fluctuation infiltration flow rate and shows highly stable behaviors in high salt concentration.

A composition includes a surfactant that is a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, an acid thereof, or a combination thereof and that is present in an amount of from about 5 to about 30 weight percent actives based on a total weight of the composition and has the structure: ##STR00001##
wherein each m is independently a number of from 0 to 16, each n is independently a number of from 0 to 16, the sum of each m+n is a number of from 4 to 16, and X is a counter ion. The composition also includes a defoamer in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 weight percent actives based on a total weight of the composition, a thickening agent in an amount of from greater than zero to an amount of about 3 weight percent actives based on a total weight of the composition, and water.

The present invention provides improved methods for purifying and/or removing multiply charged cations and suspended solids from water. In particular the process relates to an additive composition that has the appropriate surfactant characteristics for effectively removing multiply charged cations and suspended solids from an aqueous or oil/aqueous mixed phase via foam fractionation. According to the invention, a hydrophobically modified polymer that acts as an associative thickener is used in the presence of a source of alkalinity or anionic reactant as well as surfactant in appropriate ratios to facilitate multiply charged cation and suspended solids removal for water purification in any of a number of commercial, environmental and industrial applications.

This disclosure relates to a method, system and apparatus for inactivating microorganisms in an aqueous solution. The method comprises passing bubbles of a gas through the aqueous solution, wherein the gas comprises at least 10% CO2 by volume and has a temperature of at least 18 C. The system comprises a gas supply to supply gas comprising at least 10% CO2 and having a temperature above 18 C., a gas-delivery apparatus to receive the gas and deliver it into the aqueous solution in the form of bubbles. The apparatus comprises a gas-permeable material having a flow surface configured to enable the flow of the aqueous solution across the flow surface, a chamber arranged at an opposite side of the gas-permeable material to supply a gas that inactivates microorganisms such that the gas is able to pass through the gas-permeable material and into the aqueous solution as gas bubbles.

A single-phase microemulsion additive may be introduced to a stream containing mixtures of or emulsions of oil and water in an effective amount to separate oil from the water in the stream and/or separating water from the oil in the stream. The single-phase microemulsion additive is formed by combining at least one demulsifier, at least one water clarifier, at least one surfactant, and optionally at least one solvent.

A synergistic microbicidal composition comprising a hydroxymethyl-substituted phosphorus compound and nitrate, a method for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in an aqueous medium.

Processes, methods, and systems are disclosed for treatment and removal of peracetic acid (PAA), quaternary ammonia compounds (Quat), hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, chloramines, chlorinated organics, surfactants, and other such chemicals from wastewater pretreatment processes typically employed by livestock processing, meat processing, and/or food processing plants that generate wastewater outflows. Treatment and/or removal of these chemicals commonly found in such wastewater allows the further treatment of the wastewater downstream by commonly employed biological wastewater treatment processes such as anaerobic, anoxic, or aerobic suspended growth activated sludge processes; anaerobic, anoxic, or aerobic fixed growth, IFAS, moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) or Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) processes; anaerobic lagoons; anaerobic fluidized bed or fixed bed processes; and/or, anaerobic sludge digestion processes commonly employed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal, ammonia removal, total nitrogen removal, and/or phosphorus removal.

Some implementations of the present disclosure prevent, reduce or at least slow equipment fouling using passivation as a treatment prior to contacting metallic components with hydrocarbon containing fluid, that is, an environment where fouling occurs. For example, one implementation includes a method of passivating heat exchangers in a SAGD process or system using the compositions and compounds of the present disclosure. The composition may be applied to a component prior to its first inclusion in an online system or following placing the system offline for maintenance. The composition may be used to treat metallic equipment surface(s), for example, via contacting them with a suspension or solution of the composition described herein, prior placing the system online. The method may further include treatment of the process fluid, for example, via injection or batch treatment of the composition with the compositions described herein into the process fluid.

The present invention relates in part to a lignin composition and a method of fabricating a lignin composition. The invention also relates in part to a method of using a lignin composition to adsorb onto a petrochemical oil comprising the steps of providing a solution of lignin in an alcohol, providing an oil on a liquid surface, contacting the oil with the solution of lignin in an alcohol, adsorbing the lignin to the oil, and removing the adsorbed oil from the surface of the liquid.