A method for heat strengthening or tempering glass sheets of a glass load containing several glass sheets, in which the glass sheets are heated in a furnace to a tempering temperature and the glass load is transferred at a transfer speed (W) away from the furnace into a tempering unit, in which the actual quenching is conducted by blasting cooling air onto both surfaces of the glass sheets. By an initial blasting unit, located between the furnace and the quenching unit and divided into initial blasting zones in the direction transverse to the motion of the glass, is blasted compressed air onto the surface of the leading and trailing edges of a glass sheet, to the direction of which normal it is desired to straighten the end in order to decrease end-edge kink.

A method for heat strengthening or tempering glass sheets of a glass load containing several glass sheets, in which the glass sheets are heated in a furnace to a tempering temperature and the glass load is transferred at a transfer speed (W) away from the furnace into a tempering unit, in which the actual quenching is conducted by blasting cooling air onto both surfaces of the glass sheets. By an initial blasting unit, located between the furnace and the quenching unit and divided into initial blasting zones in the direction transverse to the motion of the glass, is blasted compressed air onto the surface of the leading and trailing edges of a glass sheet, to the direction of which normal it is desired to straighten the end in order to decrease end-edge kink.

Glass-based articles are disclosed having a thickness in a range of from about 0.2 mm to about 4.0 mm, a first compressive stress layer extending from a first surface of the glass-based article to a first depth of compression that is in a range of from about 5% to about 20% of the thickness, a second compressive stress layer extending from a second surface of the glass-based article to a second depth of compression that is in a range of from about 5% to about 20% of the thickness, wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface, and a central region extending from the first depth of compression to the second depth of compression and having a maximum tensile stress in a range of from about 0.5 MPa to about 20 MPa. Electronic devices comprising the glass-based articles and methods of making glass-based articles are also disclosed.

Glass-based articles are disclosed having a thickness in a range of from about 0.2 mm to about 4.0 mm, a first compressive stress layer extending from a first surface of the glass-based article to a first depth of compression that is in a range of from about 5% to about 20% of the thickness, a second compressive stress layer extending from a second surface of the glass-based article to a second depth of compression that is in a range of from about 5% to about 20% of the thickness, wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface, and a central region extending from the first depth of compression to the second depth of compression and having a maximum tensile stress in a range of from about 0.5 MPa to about 20 MPa. Electronic devices comprising the glass-based articles and methods of making glass-based articles are also disclosed.

A sensor module includes: a base member; at least one of a single or a plurality of sensors and vibrators arranged on the base member, and a protective member constituted of at least one flat surface or a curved surface, provided so as to cover the at least one of the sensors and the vibrators. A part or whole of the protective member is formed of a strengthened glass and the strengthened glass is a chemically strengthened glass or a physically strengthened glass.

A glass laminate is produced using infrared emitters to deliver thermal energy to an unbonded glass laminate assembly. Heat may be conducted to the glass laminate by at least one ceramic glass substrate that absorbs at least a portion of the infrared radiation from the emitters, thereby bonding the glass laminate assembly more quickly and efficiently than a conventional vacuum bag process.

A glass laminate is produced using infrared emitters to deliver thermal energy to an unbonded glass laminate assembly. Heat may be conducted to the glass laminate by at least one ceramic glass substrate that absorbs at least a portion of the infrared radiation from the emitters, thereby bonding the glass laminate assembly more quickly and efficiently than a conventional vacuum bag process.

A glass laminate is produced using infrared emitters to deliver thermal energy to an unbonded glass laminate assembly. Heat may be conducted to the glass laminate by at least one ceramic glass substrate that absorbs at least a portion of the infrared radiation from the emitters, thereby bonding the glass laminate assembly more quickly and efficiently than a conventional vacuum bag process.

A glass laminate is produced using infrared emitters to deliver thermal energy to an unbonded glass laminate assembly. Heat may be conducted to the glass laminate by at least one ceramic glass substrate that absorbs at least a portion of the infrared radiation from the emitters, thereby bonding the glass laminate assembly more quickly and efficiently than a conventional vacuum bag process.

A tempering furnace for a glass sheet has a conveyor for the glass sheet, and first convection blow means over the conveyor to heat the glass sheet by hot air jets blown onto its top surface. With second convection blow means, pressurized air external to the tempering furnace may be led to second blow nozzles from which air is discharged as jets towards the bottom surface of the glass sheet. The heating effect of the air jets of the first convection blow means onto the glass sheet is adjustable by adjusting the feeding of electric current to electric elements inside blow enclosures, and the heating effect onto the glass sheet of the jets discharging from the second blow nozzles is adjustable by adjusting the blow pressure of feed pipes.