Disclosed is an optical-filter-cell-array structure and a method of manufacturing the same. An optical filter which includes an optical filter layer for blocking light of a specific wavelength formed on an upper side or a lower side of a tempered glass substrate is provided in the form of a cell array. The method includes forming a sheet-cutting part according to the form of a cell array on a mother glass substrate, tempering the mother glass substrate so that a lateral side of the mother glass substrate is tempered through the sheet-cutting part while an upper side and a lower side of the mother glass substrate are tempered, and forming an optical filter layer on the upper side or the lower side of the mother glass substrate.

A copper dopant delivery powder comprising a fused silica powder and a Cu.sub.2S powder. A method of making the copper dopant delivery powder. A method of making a copper-doped glass comprising placing a target glass in a container, packing a composite SiO.CuS dopant powder around the target glass and heating the container and SiO.CuS dopant powder to a temperature of between 800° C. and 1150° C. A copper-doped glass comprising a glass comprising copper-doping wherein the copper-doped glass was formed by covering the glass with a fused silica powder and a Cu.sub.2S powder, wherein the fused silica powder and the Cu.sub.2S powder are mixed in varying ratios of Cu.sub.2S to silica represented by the formula (SiO.sub.2).sub.(1-x)(Cu.sub.2S).sub.x and heating to a temperature of between 800° C. and 1150° C.

Laser waveguides, methods and systems for forming a laser waveguide are provided. The waveguide includes an inner cladding layer surrounding a central axis and a glass core surrounding and located outside of the inner cladding layer. The glass core includes a laser-active material. The waveguide includes an outer cladding layer surrounding and located outside of the glass core. The inner cladding, outer cladding and/or core may surround a hollow central channel or bore and may be annular in shape.

In an embodiment, a distortion-measuring apparatus for measuring a distortion distribution of an entire vitreous silica crucible in a non-destructive way includes: a light source 11; a first polarizer 12 and a first quarter-wave plate 13 disposed between the light source 11 and an outer surface of a vitreous silica crucible wall; a camera 14 disposed inside of a vitreous silica crucible 1; a camera control mechanism 15 configured to control a photographing direction of the camera 14; a second polarizer 16 and a second quarter-wave plate 17 disposed between the camera 14 and an inner surface of the vitreous silica crucible wall. An optical axis of the second quarter-wave plate 17 inclines 90 degrees with respect to the first quarter-wave plate 13.

In an embodiment, a distortion-measuring apparatus for measuring a distortion distribution of an entire vitreous silica crucible in a non-destructive way includes: a light source 11; a first polarizer 12 and a first quarter-wave plate 13 disposed between the light source 11 and an outer surface of a vitreous silica crucible wall; a camera 14 disposed inside of a vitreous silica crucible 1; a camera control mechanism 15 configured to control a photographing direction of the camera 14; a second polarizer 16 and a second quarter-wave plate 17 disposed between the camera 14 and an inner surface of the vitreous silica crucible wall. An optical axis of the second quarter-wave plate 17 inclines 90 degrees with respect to the first quarter-wave plate 13.

The present invention relates to granular composite density enhancement, and related methods and compositions. The application where the properties are valuable include but are not limited to: 1) additive manufacturing (“3D printing”) involving metallic, ceramic, cermet, polymer, plastic, or other dry or solvent-suspended powders or gels, 2) concrete materials, 3) solid propellant materials, 4) cermet materials, 5) granular armors, 6) glass-metal and glass-plastic mixtures, and 7) ceramics comprising (or manufactured using) granular composites.

The present invention relates to granular composite density enhancement, and related methods and compositions. The application where the properties are valuable include but are not limited to: 1) additive manufacturing (“3D printing”) involving metallic, ceramic, cermet, polymer, plastic, or other dry or solvent-suspended powders or gels, 2) concrete materials, 3) solid propellant materials, 4) cermet materials, 5) granular armors, 6) glass-metal and glass-plastic mixtures, and 7) ceramics comprising (or manufactured using) granular composites.

A method for performance prediction of a functional glass system, which includes the following steps: determining species of atoms for structural search according to components of a target glass system; performing structural search based on a first principle to search out compounds that can be formed by interaction between the atoms; comparing a formation energy and a phonon spectrum of each of the compounds to obtain stable compounds; constructing a glass structural composition diagram according to the stable compounds, microstructural units of a glassy compound adjacent to a target glass composition point are structural genes of the glass; and calculating a property of the target glass according to a leverage model formula of a multiplex glass system, the leverage model formula of the multiplex glass system being P0=Σ.sub.i=1.sup.nPi×Li.

The present invention relates to a substrate comprising an ion-implanted layer, for example a cation, wherein the ion implanted layer has a substantially uniform distribution of the implanted ions at a significantly greater depth than previously possible, to a well-defined and sharp boundary within the substrate. The invention further comprises said substrate wherein the substrate is a silicon based substrate, such as glass. The invention also comprises the use of said material as a waveguide and the use of said material in measurement devices.

The present invention relates to a substrate comprising an ion-implanted layer, for example a cation, wherein the ion implanted layer has a substantially uniform distribution of the implanted ions at a significantly greater depth than previously possible, to a well-defined and sharp boundary within the substrate. The invention further comprises said substrate wherein the substrate is a silicon based substrate, such as glass. The invention also comprises the use of said material as a waveguide and the use of said material in measurement devices.