A transparent β-spodumene glass-ceramic is provided. The glass-ceramic includes a primary crystal phase including a β-spodumene solid solution, a secondary crystal phase including tetragonal ZrO.sub.2, and an amorphous phase. The glass-ceramic may be ion exchanged utilizing molten alkali nitrate salt baths. Methods for producing the glass-ceramic are also provided.

A heat-resistant synthetic jewelry material having a transparent, semitransparent or nontransparent composite nanocrystalline material on the basis of nanosized oxide and silicate crystalline phases. The material includes at least one of the following crystalline phases: spinel, quartz-like phases, sapphirine, enstatite, petalite-like phase, cordierite, willemite, zirconium, rutile, zirconium titanate, zirconium dioxide with a content of ions of transition elements, rare-earth elements and precious metals of from 0.001 to 4 mol %. One of the crystalline phases is additionally quartz-like solid solutions of lithium magnesium zinc aluminosilicates with a virgilite or keatite structure. The composition is selected from the following components,s SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, MgO, ZnO, Li.sub.2O, PbO, ZrO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2, NiO, CoO, CuO, Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, MnO.sub.2, CeO.sub.2, Nd.sub.2O.sub.3, Er.sub.2O.sub.3, Pr.sub.2O.sub.3 and Au.

Disclosed herein are glass-ceramics having crystalline phases including β-spodumene ss and either (i) pseudobrookite or (ii) vanadium or vanadium containing compounds so as to be colored and opaque glass-ceramics having coordinates, determined from total reflectance—specular included—measurements, in the CIELAB color space of the following ranges: L*=from about 20 to about 45; a*=from about −2 to about +2; and b*=from about −12 to about +1. Such CIELAB color space coordinates can be substantially uniform throughout the glass-ceramics. In each of the proceeding, β-quartz ss can be substantially absent from the crystalline phases. If present, β-quartz ss can be less than about 20 wt % or, alternatively, less than about 15 wt % of the crystalline phases. Also Further crystalline phases might include spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss), rutile, magnesium zinc phosphate, or spinel ss (e.g., hercynite and/or gahnite-hercynite ss) and rutile.

A lead-through or connecting element is provided that includes an assembly having a carrier body of a high-temperature alloy, a functional element, and an at least partially crystallized glass. The crystallized glass is between a portion of the functional element and a portion of the carrier body. The carrier body subjects the crystallized glass to a compressive stress of greater than or equal to zero, at a temperature from at least 20° C. to more than 450° C. Also provided are a method for producing a lead-through or connecting element, the use of such a lead-through or connecting element, and to a measuring device including such a lead-through or connecting element.

A glass ceramic contains the following components by wt %: 60 to 80% of SiO.sub.2; 4 to 20% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 0 to 15% of Li.sub.2O; more than 0 but less than or equal to 12% of Na.sub.2O; 0 to 5% of K.sub.2O; more than 0 but less than or equal to 5% of ZrO.sub.2; 0 to 5% of P.sub.2O.sub.5; and 0 to 10% of TiO.sub.2. A crystalline phase contains at least one of R.sub.2SiO.sub.3, R.sub.2Si.sub.2O.sub.5, R.sub.2TiO.sub.3, R.sub.4Ti.sub.5O.sub.12, R.sub.3PO.sub.3, RAlSi.sub.2O.sub.6, RAlSiO.sub.4O.sub.10, R.sub.2Al.sub.2Si.sub.2O.sub.5, R.sub.4Al.sub.4Si.sub.5O.sub.18, quartz and quartz solid solution. With a liquidus temperature below 1,450° C., a thermal conductivity above 2 w/m.Math.k, and a Vickers hardness above 600 kgf/mm2, the glass ceramic is applicable to portable electronic devices and optical devices.

Electronic devices are produced from dielectric compositions comprising a mixture of precursor materials that, upon firing, forms a dielectric material comprising a barium-strontium-titanium-tungsten-silicon oxide.

The invention relates to a coated glass substrate or glass ceramic substrate with resistant, multi-functional surface properties, including a combination of anti-microbial, anti-reflective and anti-fingerprint properties, or a combination of anti-microbial, anti-reflective and anti-fingerprint properties where the substrate is chemically pre-stressed, or a combination of anti-microbial and anti-reflective properties where the substrate is chemically pre-stressed. The coated glass substrate or glass ceramic substrate exhibits a unique combination of functions which are permanently present and do not exert a negative effect on each other.

Provided is a Li.sub.2O—Al.sub.2O.sub.3—SiO.sub.2-based crystallized glass in which a yellowish tint due to TiO.sub.2, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3 or so on is reduced. The Li.sub.2O—Al.sub.2O.sub.3—SiO.sub.2-based crystallized glass contains, in terms of % by mass, 40 to 90% SiO.sub.2, 5 to 30% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 1 to 10% Li.sub.2O, 0 to 20% SnO.sub.2, 1 to 20% ZrO.sub.2, 0 to 10% MgO, 0 to 10% P.sub.2O.sub.5, and 0 to below 2% TiO.sub.2.

A glass-ceramic includes an oxide containing lithium (Li), silicon (Si), and boron (B) and has an X-ray diffraction spectrum with two or more peaks appearing in the range 20°≦2θ≦25° and with two or more peaks appearing in the range 25°<2θ≦30°.

A feed-through through a housing part of a housing, for example of a battery or a capacitor made of a metal, wherein the housing part has at least one opening, through which at least one conductor is fed in a glass or glass ceramic material, and wherein the conductor has at least two sections in the axial direction, a first section made of a first material, e.g. aluminium, and a second section made of a second material, e.g. copper, as well as a transition from the first to the second material, and wherein the transition from the first to the second material is located in the region of the glass or glass ceramic material, said glass or glass ceramic material being adapted to the metal of the housing in such a way that a compression glass-to-metal seal is formed.