Ultra-high temperature carbide (UHTC) foams and methods of fabricating and using the same are provided. The UHTC foams are produced in a three-step process, including UHTC slurry preparation, freeze-drying, and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The fabrication methods allow for the production of any kind of single- or multi-component UHTC foam, while also providing flexibility in the shape and size of the UHTC foams to produce near-net-shape components.

A granule and building material including a granule having an inner zone and an outer zone that at least partially surrounds the inner zone and that comprises greater than 10% of the total volume of the granule is provided.

A granule and building material including a granule having an inner zone and an outer zone that at least partially surrounds the inner zone and that comprises greater than 10% of the total volume of the granule is provided.

Disclosed is a highly dense aggregate of brittle material particles having an interface at which the particles are bonded to each other and pores between the brittle material particles structuring the highly dense aggregate, where a porosity which is a volume ratio of the pores with respect to the whole of the highly dense aggregate is equal to or less than 20%, and a volume ratio of the pores communicating with an apparent outer surface of the highly dense aggregate with respect to a volume of all of the pores of the highly dense aggregate is equal to or higher than 65%.

Disclosed is a highly dense aggregate of brittle material particles having an interface at which the particles are bonded to each other and pores between the brittle material particles structuring the highly dense aggregate, where a porosity which is a volume ratio of the pores with respect to the whole of the highly dense aggregate is equal to or less than 20%, and a volume ratio of the pores communicating with an apparent outer surface of the highly dense aggregate with respect to a volume of all of the pores of the highly dense aggregate is equal to or higher than 65%.

Provided are a method of manufacturing a ceramic article including a porous portion in which improvement in mechanical strength of a modeled article is achieved while high modeling accuracy is obtained, and a ceramic article. The method of manufacturing a ceramic article includes the steps of: (i) irradiating powder of a metal oxide containing aluminum oxide as a main component with an energy beam based on modeling data to melt and solidify or sinter the powder, to thereby form a modeled article including a porous portion; (ii) causing the modeled article formed in the step (i) to absorb a liquid containing a zirconium component; and (iii) heating the modeled article that has absorbed the liquid containing the zirconium component, wherein, in the absorbing step, the liquid is absorbed so that a ratio of the zirconium component in a metal component contained in the porous portion becomes 0.3 to 2.0 mol %.

A filter has a primary structure composed of a first material with a relatively high melting point; a secondary structure composed of a second material with a lower melting point than the first material; and voids. This configuration provides the filter with controllable breathability. A gas-adsorption device including the filter can control the gas permeability rate. A vacuum insulation material including the gas-adsorption device enables the gas adsorber to selectively adsorb non-condensable gas from water-vapor-containing gas. As a result, the vacuum insulation material can be maintained at low pressure for a long period of time, thereby maintaining high insulation performance.

A filter has a primary structure composed of a first material with a relatively high melting point; a secondary structure composed of a second material with a lower melting point than the first material; and voids. This configuration provides the filter with controllable breathability. A gas-adsorption device including the filter can control the gas permeability rate. A vacuum insulation material including the gas-adsorption device enables the gas adsorber to selectively adsorb non-condensable gas from water-vapor-containing gas. As a result, the vacuum insulation material can be maintained at low pressure for a long period of time, thereby maintaining high insulation performance.

Disclosed herein is a method comprising disposing a first particle in a reactor; the first particle being a magnetic particle or a particle that can be influenced by a magnetic field, an electric field or a combination of an electrical field and a magnetic field; fluidizing the first particle in the reactor; applying a uniform magnetic field, a uniform electrical field or a combination of a uniform magnetic field and uniform electrical field to the reactor; elevating the temperature of the reactor; and fusing the first particles to form a monolithic solid.

Disclosed herein is a method comprising disposing a first particle in a reactor; the first particle being a magnetic particle or a particle that can be influenced by a magnetic field, an electric field or a combination of an electrical field and a magnetic field; fluidizing the first particle in the reactor; applying a uniform magnetic field, a uniform electrical field or a combination of a uniform magnetic field and uniform electrical field to the reactor; elevating the temperature of the reactor; and fusing the first particles to form a monolithic solid.