In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (V):

##STR00001## comprising at least the step of reacting a compound of formula (VI)

##STR00002## with a compound (VII)

##STR00003## wherein; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl radical provided that at least one R.sub.2 is not hydrogen; R.sub.5 is hydrogen or a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms from groups 14-16; R.sub.6 is hydrogen or a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms from groups 14-16; n is 1, 2 or 3; each R.sub.8 is a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; and Hal is a halide; in the presence of a nickel imidazolidin-2-ylidene compound.

This invention refers to a microporous crystalline material of zeolitic nature that has, in its calcined state and in the absence of defects in its crystalline matrix manifested by the presence of silanols, the empirical formula
x(M.sub.1/nXO.sub.2):yYO.sub.2:gGeO.sub.2:(1g)SiO2 in which M is selected between H.sup.+, at least one inorganic cation of charge +n, and a mixture of both, X is at least one chemical element of oxidation state +3, Y is at least one chemical element with oxidation state +4 different from Si, x takes a value between 0 and 0.2, both included, y takes a value between 0 and 0.1, both included, g takes a value between 0 and 0.5, both included
that has been denoted ITQ-55, as well as a method for its preparation. This invention also relates to uses of the crystalline material of zeolitic nature for adsorption of fluid components, membrane separation of fluid components, storage of fluid components, and catalysis of various conversion reactions.

A catalyst in solid particulate form free from an external carrier material comprising (I) a complex of formula (I) ##STR00001## wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from R.sub.2C, R.sub.2CCR.sub.2, R.sub.2Si, R.sub.2SiSiR.sub.2, R.sub.2Ge, wherein each R is independently a hydrogen atom, C1-C20-alkyl, tri(C1-C20-alkyl)silyl, C6-C20-aryl, C7-C20-arylalkyl or C7-C20-alkylaryl; each R.sub.2 is independently hydrogen or a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl radical provided that at least one R.sub.2 is not hydrogen; each R.sub.5 is independently hydrogen or a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms from groups 14-16; each R.sub.6 is independently hydrogen or a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms from groups 14-16; each n is independently 1, 2 or 3; and each R.sub.8 is a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; and (ii) a cocatalyst comprising a compound of a group 13 metal, e.g. Al or boron.

A catalyst comprising (i) an asymmetric complex of formula (I) ##STR00001## wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from R.sub.2C, R.sub.2CCR.sub.2, R.sub.2Si, R.sub.2SiSiR.sub.2, R.sub.2Ge, wherein each R is independently a hydrogen atom, C1-C20-alkyl, tri(C1-C20-alkyl)silyl, C6-C20-aryl, C7-C20-arylalkyl or C7-C20-alkylaryl; R.sub.2 and R.sub.2 are each independently linear C.sub.1-10 hydrocarbyl; R.sub.5 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sub.6 and R.sub.6 are each independently hydrogen or a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; R.sub.7 is hydrogen or a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group or is ZR.sub.3; Z is O or S, preferably O; R.sub.3 is a C1-10 hydrocarbyl group; Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more groups R.sub.8; Ar is an aryl or heteroaryl group having up to 20 carbon atoms optionally substituted by one or more groups R.sub.8; and R.sub.8 and R.sub.8 are each independently is a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.6 or R.sub.7 is not H; and (ii) a cocatalyst comprising a compound of a group 13 metal, e.g. boron.

In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

The present invention relates to a process to make light olefins, in a combined XTO-OC process, from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising: a) providing a catalyst comprising zeolitic molecular sieves containing 10 member and larger channels in their microporous structure, b) providing an XTO reaction zone, an OC reaction zone and a catalyst regeneration zone, said catalyst circulating in the three zones, such that at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst is passed to the OC reaction zone, at least a portion of the catalyst in the OC reaction zone is passed to the XTO reaction zone and at least a portion of the catalyst in the XTO reaction zone is passed to the regeneration zone;
c) contacting said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the XTO reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the feedstock to form a XTO reactor effluent comprising light olefins and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction;
d) separating said light olefins from said heavy hydrocarbon fraction;
e) contacting said heavy hydrocarbon fraction in the OC reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of said heavy hydrocarbon fraction to light olefins.

The present invention relates to a process to make light olefins and aromatics, in a combined XTO-OC process, from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising: a0) providing a first portion and a second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock, a) providing a catalyst comprising zeolitic molecular sieves containing at least 10 membered ring pore openings or larger in their microporous structure, b) providing an XTO reaction zone, an OC reaction zone and a catalyst regeneration zone, said catalyst circulating in the three zones, such that at least a portion of the regenerated catalyst is passed to the OC reaction zone, at least a portion of the catalyst in the OC reaction zone is passed to the XTO reaction zone and at least a portion of the catalyst in the XTO reaction zone is passed to the regeneration zone; c) contacting the first portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the XTO reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the feedstock to form a XTO reactor effluent comprising light olefins and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction; d) separating said light olefins from said heavy hydrocarbon fraction; e) contacting said heavy hydrocarbon fraction and the second portion of said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the OC reactor with the catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of said heavy hydrocarbon fraction and oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock to light olefins and aromatics.

In an example, a method of butadiene sequestration includes receiving an input stream that includes butadiene. The method includes directing the input stream to a first sulfur dioxide charged zeolite bed for butadiene sequestration via a first chemical reaction of butadiene and sulfur dioxide to form sulfolene.