Catalytic systems and methods for treating process streams are disclosed. Catalytic wet oxidation and hydrolysis techniques may be used to treat one or more undesirable constituents such as HPAM and KHI. Methane may be produced in connection with at least some embodiments.

In a cross coupling reaction, in a case where a halogen atom is selected as the leaving group of the raw material compound, a harmful halogen waste forms as a by-product after the reaction, and disposal of the waste liquid is complicated and environmental burden is high. In a carbon-hydrogen activation cross coupling reaction which requires no halogen atom as the leaving group, although no halogen waste forms as a by-product, the reaction substrate is considerably restricted, and the reaction remains a limited molecular construction method. A method for producing an aromatic compound, which comprises subjecting an aromatic nitro compound and a boronic acid compound to a cross coupling reaction in the presence of a metal catalyst.

Perovskite compounds that catalyze hydrogenolysis (e.g., hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodenitrogenation, and/or hydrodesulfurization) of heteroatom-containing compounds, as well as associated systems and methods, are generally described. In some embodiments, methods are provided for contacting a perovskite compound with a heteroatom-containing compound (e.g., a compound comprising oxygen, nitrogen, and/or sulfur) in the presence of hydrogen gas (H.sub.2) such that the perovskite compound catalyzes hydrogenolysis of the heteratom-containing compound to produce one or more hydrocarbon products (e.g., one or more aromatic hydrocarbons and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons). According to certain embodiments, the perovskite compound has the formula A.sub.1xB.sub.xDO.sub.3, where A comprises a lanthanide, B comprises an alkaline earth metal, D comprises a transition metal, and x is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. Compounds, systems, and methods described herein may be useful for applications involving petroleum (e.g., crude oil) and/or biofuels.

A process for producing an aromatic compound in high yield and a palladium complex are provided. The palladium complex is represented by formula (D) or formula (D):

##STR00001##

In formula (D), X represents a chlorine atom, A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, B represents an alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms.

##STR00002##

In formula (D), X, A, B and R.sup.4 to R.sup.8 are the same as defined above.

Processes of forming C.sub.sp2C.sub.sp3 bonds at the allylic carbon of a cyclic allylic compound starting material are disclosed, in which a racemic mixture of a cyclic allylic compound having a leaving group attached to the allylic carbon is reacted with a compound having a nucleophilic carbon atom in the presence of a Rh(I), Pd(II) or Cu(I) pre-catalyst and a chiral ligand. The reaction products containing the newly-formed C.sub.sp2C.sub.sp3 bond are generated in high stereoisomeric excess, and may therefore serve as important organic building blocks in the preparation of new agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals.

The present invention is a phosphorous modified zeolite (A) made by a process comprising in that order: selecting a zeolite with low Si/Al ratio (advantageously lower than 30) among H.sup.+ or NH.sub.4.sup.+-form of MFI, MEL, FER, MOR, clinoptilolite, said zeolite having been made preferably without direct addition of organic template; steaming at a temperature ranging from 400 to 870 C. for 0.01-200h; leaching with an aqueous acid solution containing the source of P at conditions effective to remove a substantial part of Al from the zeolite and to introduce at least 0.3 wt % of P; separation of the solid from the liquid; an optional washing step or an optional drying step or an optional drying step followed by a washing step; a calcination step. The present invention also relates to a process (hereunder referred as XTO process) for making an olefin product from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock wherein said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock is contacted with the above catalyst (in the XTO reactor) under conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock to olefin products (the XTO reactor effluent). The present invention also relates to a process (hereunder referred as combined XTO and OCP process) to make light olefins from an oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock comprising: contacting said oxygen-containing, halogenide-containing or sulphur-containing organic feedstock in the XTO reactor with the above catalyst at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the feedstock to form an XTO reactor effluent comprising light olefins and a heavy hydrocarbon fraction; separating said light olefins from said heavy hydrocarbon fraction; contacting said heavy hydrocarbon fraction in the OCP reactor at conditions effective to convert at least a portion of said heavy hydrocarbon fraction to light olefins.

The present invention generally discloses an organic compound and organic electroluminescence (herein referred to as organic EL) device using the organic compound. More specifically, the present invention relates to an organic EL device employing the organic compound as fluorescent emitting layer which can display long lifetime, high efficiency and emitting fluorescent blue light and green light.

In an example, a method of butadiene sequestration includes receiving an input stream that includes butadiene. The method includes directing the input stream to a first sulfur dioxide charged zeolite bed for butadiene sequestration via a first chemical reaction of butadiene and sulfur dioxide to form sulfolene.

The present invention relates to a novel class of benzimidazolyl/imidazolyl phosphine ligands, methods of preparing such ligands via a simple one-pot protocol, and applications of the ligands in catalytic reactions.

This disclosure relates to novel catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions, the use thereof, and the methods of making the same.