Provided herein are nickel(O) catalysts that are stable when exposed to air and can be used to catalyze the formation of a CC, CO, or CN bond.

Provided are methods for site- and stereo-retentive cross-couplings with unactivated secondary boronic acids, which methods are particularly useful in building block-based approach for small molecule synthesis. Also provided is a method of forming an air-stable chiral secondary boronic acid.

A method for the synthesis of a aryl compound of Formula (1). Formula (1)

UT-WR.sub.1).sub.n (1)

The present disclosure is generally directed to a new and innovative system, process and method that utilize a new non-oxygen type of oxidizers process for methane (CH.sub.4) upgrading to value-added products such as olefins and aromatics (i.e., benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX)) etc. and further removing toxic impurities such as sulphur-containing compounds (i.e. H.sub.2S) by using the sulphur as a source of radical.

A process for preparing 1-cyclopropyl-naphthalene derivatives of Formula (1) wherein R.sub.1-R.sub.7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, cycloalkyl or aryl comprising the steps of a) contacting an acid salt of a 1-naphthyl-2-aminoethylketone with a base and a first solvent to obtain a solution wherein the molar ratio of base to 1-naphthyl-2-aminoethylketone acid salt is at least 0.7, b) addition of hydrazine to obtain a 3-(1-naphthyl)-1H-pyrazoline, c) optionally adding a second solvent and/or at least partially removing the first solvent, and d) heating the reaction mixture to a temperature above 190 C. to obtain the compound of Formula (1).

##STR00001##

A process for obtaining a catalyst composite comprising the following steps: a). selecting a molecular sieve having pores of 10- or more-membered rings b). contacting the molecular sieve with a metal silicate different from said molecular sieve comprising at least one alkaline earth metal and one or more of the following metals: Ga, Al, Ce, In, Cs, Sc, Sn, Li, Zn, Co, Mo, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ti and V, such that the composite comprises at least 0.1 wt % of silicate.

Provided is an apparatus for generating 1-methylcyclopropene. The apparatus of the present invention may enable the immediate and convenient generation of 1-methylcyclopropene in a desired location using stable 1-methylcyclopropene precursors.

Provided are: a polymer-supported phosphane compound exhibiting excellent catalytic reaction activity; a complex including the compound and a transition metal; and a catalyst including the complex. This polymer compound includes: units of threefold styrene cross-linked phosphane; and styrene units having substituent groups (R) in position 4 (provided that R represents hydrogen, a C1-6 lower alkyl group, a C1-6 lower alkoxy group, or a polar functional group). In the formula in which the polymer compound includes structure (1), PS represents a polystyrene unit chain including the styrene units having the substituent groups (R). The complex includes the polymer and a transition metal. The catalyst for an organic compound coupling reaction includes the complex. ##STR00001##

Systems and methods are provided for processing a feed derived from a biomass source that contains nitrogen in the form of fatty amides, e.g., derived from hydrothermal processing of a biomass source feed, while reducing/minimizing the amount of heteroatom removal performed during subsequent/concurrent hydroprocessing. Optionally, the feed can also contain free fatty acids. This is accomplished in part by first exposing the feed to a catalyst comprising a rare earth oxide, alkali oxide, and/or alkaline earth oxide, which can remove the nitrogen heteroatoms from the compounds within the feed or can convert the nitrogen to a form readily removed in subsequent hydroprocessing. The catalyst may also suitable for catalyzing coupling (such as condensation) or conversion reactions of amides, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid derivatives, and/or other molecules in the feed suitable for participating in the coupling reaction.

A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (V): ##STR00001## comprising at least the step of reacting a compound of formula (VI) ##STR00002##
with a compound (VII) ##STR00003## wherein; R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl radical provided that at least one R.sub.2 is not hydrogen; R.sub.5 is hydrogen or a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms from groups 14-16; R.sub.6 is hydrogen or a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms from groups 14-16; n is 1, 2 or 3; each R.sub.8 is a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group; and Hal is a halide; in the presence of a nickel imidazolidin-2-ylidene compound.