Haloalkane sulfonic acids and salts thereof are provided. In embodiments, a haloalkane sulfonic acid or salt thereof comprises an alkyl group, at least one sulfonic acid group, and one or more halogens selected from Cl, Br, I, and F, the haloalkane sulfonic acid having a total number of carbon atoms of from 2 to 9, and wherein if at least one F atom is present, the haloalkane sulfonic acid comprises at least one other halogen selected from Cl, Br, and I. Methods of making and using the haloalkane sulfonic acids/salts are also provided.

The present invention provides (6Z,9Z)-6,9-dodecadien-1-yne of the following formula (1). Further, the present invention provides a process for preparing (6Z,9Z)-6,9-dodecadien-1-yne (1): the process comprising reacting a (3Z,6Z)-10-halo-3,6-decadiene compound of the following general formula (2), wherein X represents a halogen atom with a metal acetylide of the following general formula (3), wherein M represents Na, Li, K, Ag, Cu (I), MgZ, CaZ, or Cu(II)Z, wherein Z represents a halogen atom or an ethinyl group to form (6Z,9Z)-6,9-dodecadien-1-yne (1). ##STR00001##

A turbulent fluidized bed reactor, device and method for preparing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether and benzene, resolving or improving the competition problem between an MTO reaction and an alkylation reaction during the process of producing para-xylene and co-producing light olefins from methanol and/or dimethyl ether and benzene, and achieving a synergistic effect between the MTO reaction and the alkylation reaction. By controlling the mass transfer and reaction, competition between the MTO reaction and the alkylation reaction is coordinated and optimized to facilitate a synergistic effect of the two reactions, so that the conversion rate of benzene, the yield of para-xylene, and the selectivity of light olefins are increased. The turbulent fluidized bed reactor includes a first reactor feed distributor and a number of second reactor feed distributors; the first reactor feed distributor and the plurality of second reactor feed distributions are sequentially arranged.

A process for the upgrading of hydrocarbon streams, i.e., processing any hydrocarbon feed streams rich in benzene and sulphur compounds. The process for simultaneous hydrodesulfurization and benzene conversion to higher alkylated aromatic molecules (C.sub.7 to C.sub.10 aromatics), without need of prior treatment like distillation, or sulfur removal. The hydrocarbon feed streams are processed over sulfided metal catalyst impregnated on acid support simultaneously desulfurizes and alkylates the benzene molecules.

A process for separating an alkylation product includes introducing a liquid phase alkylation product from an alkylation reaction unit into a first heat-exchanger directly or after being pressurized with a pressure pump and heat-exchanged with a vapor phase stream from the column top of a high-pressure fractionating column, then into a second heat-exchanger and subsequently into the high-pressure fractionating column. The vapor phase stream from the column top of the high-pressure fractionating column is heat-exchanged with the liquid phase alkylation product to be separated, a liquid phase stream from the column bottom of the high-pressure fractionating column is introduced into a low-pressure fractionating column and subjected to fractionation under a condition of 0.2 MPa-1.0 MPa, a low-carbon alkane is obtained from the column top of the low-pressure fractionating column, and a liquid phase stream obtained from the column bottom of the low-pressure fractionating column is an alkylation oil product.

This disclosure provides improved processes for converting benzene/toluene via methylation with methanol/dimethyl ether for producing, e.g., p-xylene. In an embodiment, a process utilizes a methylation catalyst system comprising a molecular sieve catalyst and an auxiliary catalyst. The auxiliary catalyst comprises a metal element selected from Group 2, Group 3, the lanthanide series, the actinide series, and mixtures and combinations thereof. The auxiliary catalyst may comprise the oxide of the metal element. Deactivation of the molecular sieve catalyst can be reduced with the inclusion of the auxiliary catalyst in the methylation catalyst system.

Disclosed is a catalyst for producing ethylbenzene in one-step by vapor phase alkylation reaction of ethanol and benzene. The catalyst has the following features for the reaction: high alkylation reaction activity, high selectivity of ethylbenzene in an alkylation product, high hydrothermal stability and stable catalytic performance. The catalyst comprises a mesoporous-microporous composite TNU-9 molecular sieve and the silicon to aluminum molar ratio, SiO.sub.2/Al.sub.2O.sub.3, of the meso-microporous composite TNU-9 molecular sieve ranges from 50 to 200.

Systems and methods are provided for integration of an aromatic formation process for converting non-aromatic hydrocarbon to an aromatic product and subsequent methylating of a portion of the aromatic product to produce a methylated product, with improvements in the aromatic formation process and/or the methylation process based on integrating portions of the secondary processing trains associated with the aromatic formation process and the methylation process. The aromatic formation process and methylation process can be used, for example, for integrated production of specialty aromatics or gasoline blending components.

Processes and systems for C.sub.3+ monoolefin conversion. In some examples, the process can include reacting a first mixture that includes C.sub.3+ monoolefins and a first oxygenate to produce a first effluent that includes a first ether and <1 wt. % of any first di-C.sub.3+ olefin. A first product that includes the first ether and a first byproduct that includes at least a portion of any first di-C.sub.3+ olefin and unreacted C.sub.3+ monoolefins can be separated from the first effluent. A second olefin mixture, at least a portion of the first byproduct, and a second oxygenate can be combined to produce a second mixture. The second mixture can be reacted to produce a second effluent that includes a second ether and a second di-C.sub.3+ olefin. The reaction of the second mixture can produce a greater amount, on a mole basis, of the second di-C.sub.3+ olefin than the second ether.

Apparatus and process for converting aromatic compounds, comprising/using: a fractionating train (4-7) suitable for extracting at least one benzene-comprising fraction (22), one toluene-comprising fraction (23) and one fraction (24) comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene from the feedstock (2); a xylene separating unit (10) suitable for treating the fraction comprising xylenes and ethylbenzene and producing a para-xylene-comprising extract (39) and a raffinate (40) comprising ortho-xylene, meta-xylene and ethylbenzene; an isomerizing unit (11) for treating the raffinate and producing a para-xylene-enriched isomerizate (42), which is sent to the fractionated train; and an alkylating reaction section (13) for treating at least part of the benzene-comprising fraction with an ethanol source (30) and producing an alkylation effluent (31) comprising ethylbenzene, which is sent to the isomerizing unit.