A process and apparatus for reducing the sulfur content of naphtha. The process includes introducing at least a portion of a naphtha feed stream to a selective hydrodesulfurization zone under selective hydrodesulfurization conditions in the presence of a selective hydrodesulfurization catalyst to form a low sulfur stream which contains mercaptan and thiophene compounds. At least a portion of the low sulfur stream is separated into at least two streams, a mercaptan rich stream containing mercaptan and thiophene compounds and an overhead stream containing hydrogen sulfide and liquid petroleum gas. The mercaptan rich stream is treated in an adsorbent zone to remove at least a portion of the mercaptan and thiophene compounds to form a mercaptan lean stream.

A system and a method are provided for an axial flow through chemical reactor that provides for the separation of hydrogen from a hydrocarbon feedstock and to form longer chain hydrocarbon molecules. The system consists of a radial magnetic field and an axial electric field in a cylindrical device, and a method of exciting flow through gas molecules by means of Lorentz Force to cause centrifugal force on the gas stream in the radial direction, inducing high molecular sheer in the rotating gas stream causes hydrogen to be removed from the rotating gas column, high molecular density forces radical hydrocarbon molecules to combine in the absence of Hydrogen.

A system and a method are provided for an axial flow through chemical reactor that provides for the separation of hydrogen from a hydrocarbon feedstock and to form longer chain hydrocarbon molecules. The system consists of a radial magnetic field and an axial electric field in a cylindrical device, and a method of exciting flow through gas molecules by means of Lorentz Force to cause centrifugal force on the gas stream in the radial direction, inducing high molecular sheer in the rotating gas stream causes hydrogen to be removed from the rotating gas column, high molecular density forces radical hydrocarbon molecules to combine in the absence of Hydrogen.

The present invention relates to a 1-halo-7-methyltricosane compound of the following general formula (1), wherein X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom. The present invention relates also to a process for preparing a 17-methylalkane compound of the following general formula (4), wherein n represents an integer of 11 to 13, the process comprising the steps of converting the aforesaid 1-halo-7-methyltricosane compound (1) into a nucleophilic reagent, 7-methyltricosyl compound, of the following general formula (2), wherein M.sup.1 represents Li, MgZ.sup.1, CuZ.sup.1, or CuLiZ.sup.1, and Z.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or a 7-methyltricosyl group, subsequently subjecting the aforesaid nucleophilic reagent, 7-methyltricosyl compound (2), to a coupling reaction with an electrophilic alkyl reagent of the following general formula (3), wherein X.sup.2 represents a halogen atom or a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group, and n is as defined above, to form the aforesaid 17-methylalkane compound (4).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a 1-halo-7-methyltricosane compound of the following general formula (1), wherein X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom. The present invention relates also to a process for preparing a 17-methylalkane compound of the following general formula (4), wherein n represents an integer of 11 to 13, the process comprising the steps of converting the aforesaid 1-halo-7-methyltricosane compound (1) into a nucleophilic reagent, 7-methyltricosyl compound, of the following general formula (2), wherein M.sup.1 represents Li, MgZ.sup.1, CuZ.sup.1, or CuLiZ.sup.1, and Z.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or a 7-methyltricosyl group, subsequently subjecting the aforesaid nucleophilic reagent, 7-methyltricosyl compound (2), to a coupling reaction with an electrophilic alkyl reagent of the following general formula (3), wherein X.sup.2 represents a halogen atom or a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group, and n is as defined above, to form the aforesaid 17-methylalkane compound (4).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a 1-halo-2,6,14-trimethyloctadecane compound of the following general formula (1), wherein X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a 5,13,17-trimethylalkane compound of the following general formula (4), wherein n represents an integer of 14 to 18, the process comprising converting the aforesaid 1-halo-2,6,14-trimethyloctadecane compound (1) into a nucleophilic reagent, 2,6,14-trimethyloctadecyl, of the following general formula (2), wherein M.sup.1 represents Li or MgZ.sup.1, and Z.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or a 2,6,14-trimethyloctadecyl group, and subsequently subjecting the nucleophilic reagent, 2,6,14-trimethyloctadecyl compound (2), to a coupling reaction with an electrophilic alkyl reagent (3) of the following general formula (3), wherein X.sup.2 represents a halogen atom or a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group, and n is as defined above, to obtain the aforesaid 5,13,17-trimethylalkane compound (4).

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a 1-halo-2,6,14-trimethyloctadecane compound of the following general formula (1), wherein X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom. The present invention further relates to a process for preparing a 5,13,17-trimethylalkane compound of the following general formula (4), wherein n represents an integer of 14 to 18, the process comprising converting the aforesaid 1-halo-2,6,14-trimethyloctadecane compound (1) into a nucleophilic reagent, 2,6,14-trimethyloctadecyl, of the following general formula (2), wherein M.sup.1 represents Li or MgZ.sup.1, and Z.sup.1 represents a halogen atom or a 2,6,14-trimethyloctadecyl group, and subsequently subjecting the nucleophilic reagent, 2,6,14-trimethyloctadecyl compound (2), to a coupling reaction with an electrophilic alkyl reagent (3) of the following general formula (3), wherein X.sup.2 represents a halogen atom or a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group, and n is as defined above, to obtain the aforesaid 5,13,17-trimethylalkane compound (4).

##STR00001##

An improved process and apparatus for the selective reaction of terpenes (including mono-, sesqui-, di-terpenes, and others in the terpene family), alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and related olefins to their respective dimeric product in high purity using heterogeneous acid catalyst concurrent with full utilization of energy created in the process. Embodiments of the invention carry out a unique and highly efficient dimerization of terpenes, alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and olefins using cost effective catalysts and low cost equipment that are ideally suited for commercialization of jet/turbine and diesel biofuel processes producing fuels with high flashpoints and superb cold flow properties.

An improved process and apparatus for the selective reaction of terpenes (including mono-, sesqui-, di-terpenes, and others in the terpene family), alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and related olefins to their respective dimeric product in high purity using heterogeneous acid catalyst concurrent with full utilization of energy created in the process. Embodiments of the invention carry out a unique and highly efficient dimerization of terpenes, alpha-olefin oligomers (OOA's), and olefins using cost effective catalysts and low cost equipment that are ideally suited for commercialization of jet/turbine and diesel biofuel processes producing fuels with high flashpoints and superb cold flow properties.

Provided are fuel components, a method for producing fuel components, use of the fuel components and fuel containing the fuel components based on 5-nonanone.