Methods for preparing isotopically modified 1,4-diene systems from non-isotopically modified 1,4-dienes involve selective oxidation of one or more bis-allylic position(s), or the preparation of isotopically modified 1,4-diene systems via trapping pi-allylic complexes with a source of deuterium or tritium. Such methods are useful for preparing isotopically modified polyunsaturated lipid including polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives.

The present invention relates to a raw material for chemical deposition for producing a ruthenium thin film or a ruthenium compound thin film by a chemical deposition method, containing a ruthenium complex represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. In Chemical Formula 1, ligands L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 coordinated to ruthenium are represented by the following Chemical Formula 2. The raw material for chemical deposition according to the present invention can be formed into a high quality thin film even if a reaction gas containing an oxygen atom is not used. ##STR00001## wherein R.sub.1 to R.sub.12, which are substituents of the ligands L.sub.1 and L.sub.2, are each independently any one of a hydrogen atom, and a linear or branched alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 or more and 4 or less.

Disclosed is a method for removing benzo[α]pyrene from a liposoluble natural extract. The method of the present invention comprises adding a suitable solvent to a crude natural extract product so as to obtain a mixed material; heating the mixed material, stirring until uniform, cooling and layering, and then separating the upper layer from the lower layer so as to obtain a precipitate and a filtrate; washing the precipitate with a small amount of a solvent so as to obtain a washed product and a washing solution; removing the solvent from the washed product at a low temperature so as to obtain a finished product; and directly recycling the filtrate and the washing solution as solvents. The present method achieves the purification of the crude natural extract product and the removal of benzo[α]pyrene in one step, and is a novel method which is simple, highly efficient, feasible and easy for industrial applications.

Disclosed is a method for removing benzo[α]pyrene from a liposoluble natural extract. The method of the present invention comprises adding a suitable solvent to a crude natural extract product so as to obtain a mixed material; heating the mixed material, stirring until uniform, cooling and layering, and then separating the upper layer from the lower layer so as to obtain a precipitate and a filtrate; washing the precipitate with a small amount of a solvent so as to obtain a washed product and a washing solution; removing the solvent from the washed product at a low temperature so as to obtain a finished product; and directly recycling the filtrate and the washing solution as solvents. The present method achieves the purification of the crude natural extract product and the removal of benzo[α]pyrene in one step, and is a novel method which is simple, highly efficient, feasible and easy for industrial applications.

Methods for preparing isotopically modified 1,4-diene systems from non-isotopically modified 1,4-dienes involve selective oxidation of one or more bis-allylic position(s), or the preparation of isotopically modified 1,4-diene systems via trapping pi-allylic complexes with a source of deuterium or tritium. Such methods are useful for preparing isotopically modified polyunsaturated lipid including polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives.

Methods for preparing isotopically modified 1,4-diene systems from non-isotopically modified 1,4-dienes involve selective oxidation of one or more bis-allylic position(s), or the preparation of isotopically modified 1,4-diene systems via trapping pi-allylic complexes with a source of deuterium or tritium. Such methods are useful for preparing isotopically modified polyunsaturated lipid including polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives.

The present invention relates to a process for the production of β-springene of formula (I) wherein a compound of formula (II) is heated in the presence of a catalyst. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to a process for the production of β-springene of formula (I) wherein a compound of formula (II) is heated in the presence of a catalyst. ##STR00001##

An organic light emitting device of an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode, stacked one by one, wherein the hole transport region includes a hole transport material derived from a crosslinking agent compound represented by Formula 1. The organic light emitting device may be manufactured through a wet process, and the emission efficiency and driving voltage properties of the organic light emitting device may be improved.

##STR00001##

An organic light emitting device of an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode, stacked one by one, wherein the hole transport region includes a hole transport material derived from a crosslinking agent compound represented by Formula 1. The organic light emitting device may be manufactured through a wet process, and the emission efficiency and driving voltage properties of the organic light emitting device may be improved.

##STR00001##