An improved method for preparing squalene from a squalene-containing composition, said method comprising the steps of (a) a purification distillation carried out at a temperature T.sub.1 (b) a denaturing distillation carried out at a temperature T.sub.2; wherein steps (a) and (b) may be performed in either order; T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are sufficient to cause squalene to boil; T.sub.2>T.sub.1; and T.sub.2>200° C.

An improved method for preparing squalene from a squalene-containing composition, said method comprising the steps of (a) a purification distillation carried out at a temperature T.sub.1 (b) a denaturing distillation carried out at a temperature T.sub.2; wherein steps (a) and (b) may be performed in either order; T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are sufficient to cause squalene to boil; T.sub.2>T.sub.1; and T.sub.2>200° C.

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for synthesizing a fatty olefin derivative. The method includes: a) contacting an olefin according to Formula I ##STR00001##
with a metathesis reaction partner according to Formula IIb ##STR00002##
in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesis product according to Formula IIIb: ##STR00003##
and
b) converting the metathesis product to the fatty olefin derivative. Each R.sup.1 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, and C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; R.sup.2b is C.sub.1-8 alkyl; subscript y is an integer ranging from 0 to 17; and subscript z is an integer ranging from 0 to 17. In certain embodiments, the metathesis catalyst is a tungsten catalyst or a molybdenum catalyst. In various embodiments, the fatty olefin derivative is a pheromone. Pheromone compositions and methods of using them are also described.

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for synthesizing a fatty olefin derivative. The method includes: a) contacting an olefin according to Formula I ##STR00001##
with a metathesis reaction partner according to Formula IIb ##STR00002##
in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesis product according to Formula IIIb: ##STR00003##
and
b) converting the metathesis product to the fatty olefin derivative. Each R.sup.1 is independently selected from H, C.sub.1-18 alkyl, and C.sub.2-18 alkenyl; R.sup.2b is C.sub.1-8 alkyl; subscript y is an integer ranging from 0 to 17; and subscript z is an integer ranging from 0 to 17. In certain embodiments, the metathesis catalyst is a tungsten catalyst or a molybdenum catalyst. In various embodiments, the fatty olefin derivative is a pheromone. Pheromone compositions and methods of using them are also described.

A method for recovering one or more water immiscible compounds comprising acidifying and disrupting the microbial biomass; heating the acidified, disrupted microbial biomass to form a heated, acidified disrupted microbial biomass; and contacting the heated, acidified, disrupted microbial biomass with a disulfonated surfactant in an amount sufficient to release at least 30% of the one or more water immiscible compounds from the microbial biomass.

A method for recovering one or more water immiscible compounds comprising acidifying and disrupting the microbial biomass; heating the acidified, disrupted microbial biomass to form a heated, acidified disrupted microbial biomass; and contacting the heated, acidified, disrupted microbial biomass with a disulfonated surfactant in an amount sufficient to release at least 30% of the one or more water immiscible compounds from the microbial biomass.

A vehicular display system includes an electronic control unit (ECU), a plurality of bird's eye surround view cameras and a plurality of camera monitoring system (CMS) cameras disposed at the vehicle. The cameras capture image data and provide captured image data to the ECU. The system includes a video display screen and a video mirror display screen that are operable to display video images derived from video images provided by the ECU. When the vehicle is traveling forward at a speed below a threshold speed, the ECU generates rearward view video images derived from image data captured by the CMS cameras and provides the rearward view video images to the video display screen. When the vehicle is traveling forward at a speed at or above the threshold speed, the ECU generates rearward view video images and provides the rearward view video images to the video mirror display screen.

The method begins with an oil which in one embodiment is cannabis crude oil derived from a cannabis plant. Oil is placed within a container having an open upper portion and with the oil preferably only filling up less than half of a volume of the container. The container and oil therein are placed within a vacuum oven where the oil is heated over time to a preselected temperature. A vacuum is then drawn on the oil while it is within the oven. Initial vacuum application is carefully applied to avoid the oil boiling over and out of the container. Vacuum residence time continues for a preselected duration, while gaseous terpenes are drawn from the oven toward the source of vacuum, such as a vacuum pump, by way of a cold trap/condenser. This cold trap is sufficiently cold that terpenes are condensed into a liquid form and collected therein.

The method begins with an oil which in one embodiment is cannabis crude oil derived from a cannabis plant. Oil is placed within a container having an open upper portion and with the oil preferably only filling up less than half of a volume of the container. The container and oil therein are placed within a vacuum oven where the oil is heated over time to a preselected temperature. A vacuum is then drawn on the oil while it is within the oven. Initial vacuum application is carefully applied to avoid the oil boiling over and out of the container. Vacuum residence time continues for a preselected duration, while gaseous terpenes are drawn from the oven toward the source of vacuum, such as a vacuum pump, by way of a cold trap/condenser. This cold trap is sufficiently cold that terpenes are condensed into a liquid form and collected therein.

The invention relates to methods for producing botanical extracts comprising cannabinoids and terpenes using cold extraction with highly polyunsaturated lipid solvents. These methods allow for the extraction of cannabinoids and terpenes while leaving behind impurities that are commonly found in organic solvent extraction methods.