In various embodiments, the present invention is directed to new low cost initiator compositions for use with the production of well-defined telechelic PIBs (by LC.sup.+P of isobutylene). In various other embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods for using these novel compositions as initiators for isobutylene (IB) and other cationically polymerizable monomers, such as styrene and its derivatives. In still other embodiments, the present invention is directed to structurally new, allyl (and chlorine) telechelic PIBs formed from these new initiator compositions and their derivatives (in particular, hydroxyl telechelic PIB and amine telechelic PIB). In yet other embodiments, the present invention is directed to structurally new polyurethanes, polyureas, and polyurethane ureas made using telechelic PIBs formed from these new initiator compositions.

A liquid crystal display includes a first base substrate, a second base substrate, an electrode part, and a liquid crystal layer. The second base substrate is disposed opposite to the first base substrate. The electrode part is disposed on at least one of the first base substrate and the second base substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first base substrate and the second base substrate. The liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition includes at least one kind of liquid crystal compounds including a cyclopentadienyl group.

A liquid crystal display includes a first base substrate, a second base substrate, an electrode part, and a liquid crystal layer. The second base substrate is disposed opposite to the first base substrate. The electrode part is disposed on at least one of the first base substrate and the second base substrate. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first base substrate and the second base substrate. The liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal composition. The liquid crystal composition includes at least one kind of liquid crystal compounds including a cyclopentadienyl group.

The present invention provides methods of making low energy polymerizable monomers and resins for use in making dielectric materials. The methods comprise deprotecting or deacylating an organic alkali cleavable protecting group containing addition polymerizable, amine containing aromatic monomer or oligoaromatic phenol resin containing an organic alkali cleavable protecting group, such as a C.sub.2 to C.sub.9 alkanoyl group, preferably, an acyl group, by hydrolyzing to remove the protecting group in organic alkali in a polar solvent containing an excess of alkali C.sub.1 to C.sub.7 alkoxide and form a hydroxyl functional monomer or resin, followed by; reacting via nucleophilic substitution the resulting hydroxyl functional monomer or resin with an alpha-halide (-halide) or strong acid conjugate leaving group containing arylcyclobutene compound in a polar solvent, to yield a product an arylcyclobutene-containing addition polymerizable or amine containing aromatic monomer or oligoaromatic phenol resin having an ether linkage from the cyclobutene ring to an aromatic group of the addition polymerizable aromatic monomer, aromatic amine or oligoaromatic phenol.

The present invention provides methods of making low energy polymerizable monomers and resins for use in making dielectric materials. The methods comprise deprotecting or deacylating an organic alkali cleavable protecting group containing addition polymerizable, amine containing aromatic monomer or oligoaromatic phenol resin containing an organic alkali cleavable protecting group, such as a C.sub.2 to C.sub.9 alkanoyl group, preferably, an acyl group, by hydrolyzing to remove the protecting group in organic alkali in a polar solvent containing an excess of alkali C.sub.1 to C.sub.7 alkoxide and form a hydroxyl functional monomer or resin, followed by; reacting via nucleophilic substitution the resulting hydroxyl functional monomer or resin with an alpha-halide (-halide) or strong acid conjugate leaving group containing arylcyclobutene compound in a polar solvent, to yield a product an arylcyclobutene-containing addition polymerizable or amine containing aromatic monomer or oligoaromatic phenol resin having an ether linkage from the cyclobutene ring to an aromatic group of the addition polymerizable aromatic monomer, aromatic amine or oligoaromatic phenol.

In various embodiments, the present invention is directed to new low cost initiator compositions for use with the production of well-defined telechelic PIBs (by LC.sup.+P of isobutylene). In various other embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods for using these novel compositions as initiators for isobutylene (IB) and other cationically polymerizable monomers, such as styrene and its derivatives. In still other embodiments, the present invention is directed to structurally new, allyl (and chlorine) telechelic PIBs formed from these new initiator compositions and their derivatives (in particular, hydroxyl telechelic PIB and amine telechelic PIB). In yet other embodiments, the present invention is directed to structurally new polyurethanes, polyureas, and polyurethane ureas made using telechelic PIBs formed from these new initiator compositions.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing indacaterol or salts thereof. The process comprises of forming compound of Formula 1 by reacting compound of Formula 2 and compound of Formula 3 in the presence of a solvent to Form compound of Formula 4, which on removal of the protecting groups forms compound of Formula 1.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing indacaterol or salts thereof. The process comprises of forming compound of Formula 1 by reacting compound of Formula 2 and compound of Formula 3 in the presence of a solvent to Form compound of Formula 4, which on removal of the protecting groups forms compound of Formula 1.

A liquid crystal compound is represented by the formula (1). For example, in the formula (1): R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; a ring A.sup.1 and a ring A.sup.2 each represent 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 each represent a single bond, (CH.sub.2).sub.2, CHCH, COO, OCO, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, or OCH.sub.2; and a and b each represent 0, 1, 2, or 3 and the sum of a and b is 4 or less. ##STR00001##

A liquid crystal compound is represented by the formula (1). For example, in the formula (1): R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represent an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbon atoms; a ring A.sup.1 and a ring A.sup.2 each represent 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 each represent a single bond, (CH.sub.2).sub.2, CHCH, COO, OCO, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, or OCH.sub.2; and a and b each represent 0, 1, 2, or 3 and the sum of a and b is 4 or less. ##STR00001##