Described herein are perfluoroalkylated zinc compounds having the structure of Formula (I) or Formula (II), which can be used to perfluoroalkylate organic, inorganic and organometallic substrates. Methods of making and using these compounds by reacting zinc or a dialkylzinc compound with a perfluoroalkyl dihalide in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or diglyme, are also described.

Described herein are perfluoroalkylated zinc compounds having the structure of Formula (I) or Formula (II), which can be used to perfluoroalkylate organic, inorganic and organometallic substrates. Methods of making and using these compounds by reacting zinc or a dialkylzinc compound with a perfluoroalkyl dihalide in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane or diglyme, are also described.

A liquid crystal composition includes one or more compounds represented by Chemical Formula 1. ##STR00001## In Chemical Formula 1, ##STR00002##
are a cyclohexane or tetrahydropyran, and R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, a C1 to C8 alkyl group, a C2 to C8 alkenyl group, or a C1 to C8 alkoxy group.

A liquid crystal composition includes one or more compounds represented by Chemical Formula 1. ##STR00001## In Chemical Formula 1, ##STR00002##
are a cyclohexane or tetrahydropyran, and R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, a C1 to C8 alkyl group, a C2 to C8 alkenyl group, or a C1 to C8 alkoxy group.

The invention provides a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of physical properties such as a high stability to heat or light, a high clearing point (or a high maximum temperature), a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a small dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and a good compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition including this compound, and a liquid crystal display device containing this composition. The invention provides a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or the like; one of L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 is both hydrogens, and the other is both fluorines; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently a single bond, COO, OCO, OCH.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, CHCH, CC or the like.

The invention provides a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of physical properties such as a high stability to heat or light, a high clearing point (or a high maximum temperature), a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a small dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and a good compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition including this compound, and a liquid crystal display device containing this composition. The invention provides a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001##
where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons or the like; one of L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 is both hydrogens, and the other is both fluorines; Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently a single bond, COO, OCO, OCH.sub.2, CH.sub.2O, CF.sub.2O, OCF.sub.2, CH.sub.2CH.sub.2, CHCH, CC or the like.

The present invention relates to an atom economic procedure of preparing iodoalkanes by hydroiodination of alkenes. In particular the present method features the generation of anhydrous hydrogen iodide from atomic hydrogen and iodine in situ by using transition metal precursor and phosphine ligandcatalyst.

The present invention relates to an atom economic procedure of preparing iodoalkanes by hydroiodination of alkenes. In particular the present method features the generation of anhydrous hydrogen iodide from atomic hydrogen and iodine in situ by using transition metal precursor and phosphine ligandcatalyst.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing indacaterol or salts thereof. The process comprises of forming compound of Formula 1 by reacting compound of Formula 2 and compound of Formula 3 in the presence of a solvent to Form compound of Formula 4, which on removal of the protecting groups forms compound of Formula 1.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing indacaterol or salts thereof. The process comprises of forming compound of Formula 1 by reacting compound of Formula 2 and compound of Formula 3 in the presence of a solvent to Form compound of Formula 4, which on removal of the protecting groups forms compound of Formula 1.