A composition, consisting essentially of copper, a fluoroalkyl group, and a ligand comprising at least one group-V donor. The molar ratio of copper to the fluoroalkyl group is approximately 1.

A composition, consisting essentially of copper, a fluoroalkyl group, and a ligand comprising at least one group-V donor. The molar ratio of copper to the fluoroalkyl group is approximately 1.

A composition, consisting essentially of copper, a fluoroalkyl group, and a ligand comprising at least one group-V donor. The molar ratio of copper to the fluoroalkyl group is approximately 1.

The present disclosure relates to a compound and a preparation method and application thereof, the compound having a chemical structure formula of:

##STR00001##

wherein M in the formula is selected from a group consisting of CF.sub.3 or CF.sub.2H, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are each independently selected from a group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl. The compound provided by the present disclosure can be used as a trifluoroethanolation reagent or difluoroethanolation reagent as synthetic intermediates of many organic compounds, and some of the compounds have pharmaceutical activity. The preparation steps of such compounds are simplified, with mild synthesis conditions and wide applicability of substrates.

The present disclosure relates to a compound and a preparation method and application thereof, the compound having a chemical structure formula of:

##STR00001##

wherein M in the formula is selected from a group consisting of CF.sub.3 or CF.sub.2H, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are each independently selected from a group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl. The compound provided by the present disclosure can be used as a trifluoroethanolation reagent or difluoroethanolation reagent as synthetic intermediates of many organic compounds, and some of the compounds have pharmaceutical activity. The preparation steps of such compounds are simplified, with mild synthesis conditions and wide applicability of substrates.

The present disclosure relates to a compound and a preparation method and application thereof, the compound having a chemical structure formula of:

##STR00001##

wherein M in the formula is selected from a group consisting of CF.sub.3 or CF.sub.2H, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are each independently selected from a group consisting of aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl. The compound provided by the present disclosure can be used as a trifluoroethanolation reagent or difluoroethanolation reagent as synthetic intermediates of many organic compounds, and some of the compounds have pharmaceutical activity. The preparation steps of such compounds are simplified, with mild synthesis conditions and wide applicability of substrates.

A process for the production of propanol and/or isobutanol is disclosed. The process comprises reacting ethanol or propanol with synthesis gas in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth doped CuMn oxide catalyst under reaction conditions to produce propanol and/or isobutanol. The catalyst may include one or more additional metal oxides as catalyst support.

A process for the production of propanol and/or isobutanol is disclosed. The process comprises reacting ethanol or propanol with synthesis gas in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth doped CuMn oxide catalyst under reaction conditions to produce propanol and/or isobutanol. The catalyst may include one or more additional metal oxides as catalyst support.

A process for isobutanol synthesis is described. Ethanol and synthesis gas (syngas) are reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst in a first reaction zone. The products of the first reaction can be separated into one or more streams comprising methanol and propanol. The methanol and propanol from the first reaction are reacted in the presence of a second catalyst to form isobutanol in a second reaction zone.

A process for isobutanol synthesis is described. Ethanol and synthesis gas (syngas) are reacted in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst in a first reaction zone. The products of the first reaction can be separated into one or more streams comprising methanol and propanol. The methanol and propanol from the first reaction are reacted in the presence of a second catalyst to form isobutanol in a second reaction zone.