To provide a novel method for producing a halogenated acrylic acid derivative. A compound represented by the formula (1): ##STR00001##
(wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group essentially containing a carbon atom, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a ring, R.sup.3 is a monovalent group capable of being desorbed by R.sup.3OH removal reaction, and each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group essentially containing a carbon atom) and having a boiling point of at most 500 C., is subjected to R.sup.3OH removal reaction in a vapor phase in the presence of a solid catalyst to obtain an ethene derivative represented by the formula (2): ##STR00002##
the ethene derivative represented by the formula (2) and a halogenated methane represented by the formula (3):
CHXYZ(3)
(wherein each of X, Y and Z which are independent of one another, is a halogen atom) are reacted in the presence of a basic compound and a phase transfer catalyst, to obtain a cyclopropane derivative represented by the formula (4): ##STR00003##
and the cyclopropane derivative represented by the formula (4) is reacted by heating in a liquid phase or in a vapor phase to obtain a halogenated acrylic acid ester derivative represented by the formula (5): ##STR00004##

To provide a novel method for producing a halogenated acrylic acid derivative. A compound represented by the formula (1): ##STR00001##
(wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group essentially containing a carbon atom, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a ring, R.sup.3 is a monovalent group capable of being desorbed by R.sup.3OH removal reaction, and each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group essentially containing a carbon atom) and having a boiling point of at most 500 C., is subjected to R.sup.3OH removal reaction in a vapor phase in the presence of a solid catalyst to obtain an ethene derivative represented by the formula (2): ##STR00002##
the ethene derivative represented by the formula (2) and a halogenated methane represented by the formula (3):
CHXYZ(3)
(wherein each of X, Y and Z which are independent of one another, is a halogen atom) are reacted in the presence of a basic compound and a phase transfer catalyst, to obtain a cyclopropane derivative represented by the formula (4): ##STR00003##
and the cyclopropane derivative represented by the formula (4) is reacted by heating in a liquid phase or in a vapor phase to obtain a halogenated acrylic acid ester derivative represented by the formula (5): ##STR00004##

A novel gelator including a sugar derivative; a gelator including a compound of Formula (1) or Formula (2):

##STR00001##

wherein R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 9 to 20, a cyclic alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 13 to 20, or a linear or branched alkenyl group having a carbon atom number of 9 to 20, R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 1 to 10, or an aryl group optionally having a substituent, and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are hydroxy groups.

Provided herein are halogenated ether compounds of Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III):

##STR00001##

Also provided are electrolytes comprising one or more compounds of Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III) and electrochemical cells comprising electrolytes comprising one or more compounds of Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III).

Provided herein are halogenated ether compounds of Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III):

##STR00001##

Also provided are electrolytes comprising one or more compounds of Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III) and electrochemical cells comprising electrolytes comprising one or more compounds of Formula (I), Formula (II), or Formula (III).

Process for preparing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers having 3 oxymethylene units (OME.sub.n3), comprising the steps:

(i) introduction of formaldehyde, methanol and water into a reactor R and reaction to give a reaction mixture containing formaldehyde, water, methylene glycol, polyoxymethylene glycols, methanol, hemiformals, methylal (OME.sub.n=1) and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME.sub.n>1);
(ii) introduction of the reaction mixture into a reactive distillation column K1 and separation into a low boiler fraction F1 containing formaldehyde, water, methylene glycol, polyoxymethylene glycols, methanol, hemiformals, methylal (OME.sub.n=1) and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers having from 2 to 3 oxymethylene units (OME.sub.n=2-3) and a high boiler fraction F2 containing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers having more than two oxymethylene units (OME.sub.n3).

Process for preparing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers having 3 oxymethylene units (OME.sub.n3), comprising the steps:

(i) introduction of formaldehyde, methanol and water into a reactor R and reaction to give a reaction mixture containing formaldehyde, water, methylene glycol, polyoxymethylene glycols, methanol, hemiformals, methylal (OME.sub.n=1) and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (OME.sub.n>1);
(ii) introduction of the reaction mixture into a reactive distillation column K1 and separation into a low boiler fraction F1 containing formaldehyde, water, methylene glycol, polyoxymethylene glycols, methanol, hemiformals, methylal (OME.sub.n=1) and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers having from 2 to 3 oxymethylene units (OME.sub.n=2-3) and a high boiler fraction F2 containing polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers having more than two oxymethylene units (OME.sub.n3).

To provide a novel method for producing a halogenated acrylic acid derivative.

A compound represented by the formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group essentially containing a carbon atom, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a ring, R.sup.3 is a monovalent group capable of being desorbed by R.sup.3OH removal reaction, and each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group essentially containing a carbon atom) and having a boiling point of at most 500 C., is subjected to R.sup.3OH removal reaction in a vapor phase in the presence of a solid catalyst to obtain an ethene derivative represented by the formula (2):

##STR00002##

the ethene derivative represented by the formula (2) and a halogenated methane represented by the formula (3):

CHXYZ(3)

(wherein each of X, Y and Z which are independent of one another, is a halogen atom) are reacted in the presence of a basic compound and a phase transfer catalyst, to obtain a cyclopropane derivative represented by the formula (4):

##STR00003##

and the cyclopropane derivative represented by the formula (4) is reacted by heating in a liquid phase or in a vapor phase to obtain a halogenated acrylic acid ester derivative represented by the formula (5):

##STR00004##

To provide a novel method for producing a halogenated acrylic acid derivative.

A compound represented by the formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group essentially containing a carbon atom, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a ring, R.sup.3 is a monovalent group capable of being desorbed by R.sup.3OH removal reaction, and each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 which are independent of each other, is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group essentially containing a carbon atom) and having a boiling point of at most 500 C., is subjected to R.sup.3OH removal reaction in a vapor phase in the presence of a solid catalyst to obtain an ethene derivative represented by the formula (2):

##STR00002##

the ethene derivative represented by the formula (2) and a halogenated methane represented by the formula (3):

CHXYZ(3)

(wherein each of X, Y and Z which are independent of one another, is a halogen atom) are reacted in the presence of a basic compound and a phase transfer catalyst, to obtain a cyclopropane derivative represented by the formula (4):

##STR00003##

and the cyclopropane derivative represented by the formula (4) is reacted by heating in a liquid phase or in a vapor phase to obtain a halogenated acrylic acid ester derivative represented by the formula (5):

##STR00004##

An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for producing an organic compound, and a composition. The object is achieved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1): ##STR00001## wherein X represents O, an optionally substituted imino group, or S, R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group optionally having at least one substituent, and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, together with X and one carbon atom respectively adjacent to R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, may form a heterocyclic ring optionally having at least one substituent, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group, and R.sup.4 represents CF.sub.2CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.2CHF.sub.2; the method including step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): ##STR00002## wherein the alphabetical symbols are as defined above, with vinylidene fluoride under light irradiation.