The present invention generally relates to processes for purification, recovery, and conversion of chlorophenol salts (e.g., 2,5-dichlorophenol and salts thereof). In various aspects, the present invention is related to removing one or more impurities from chlorophenol salt-containing process streams and/or recovering chlorophenol salts from process streams for use of the recovered chlorophenol elsewhere in an integrated process. Process streams that may be treated in accordance with the present invention include those incorporating one or more chlorophenol salts in a feed mixture and also those where one or more chlorophenol salts are present in a product or by-product stream of an integrated process. For example, conversion processes of the present invention are suitable as one piece of an integrated process for producing 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba) or a salt or ester thereof or a process for producing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or a salt or ester thereof. The present invention further relates to processes for preparation, purification, and recovery of intermediates formed in integrated processes utilizing chlorophenol salts such as 2,5-dichlorophenol as starting material, including the intermediate 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid (3,6-DCSA) formed during preparation of dicamba from 2,5-dichlorophenol.

Proposed is a catalyst complex having high activity for carbon dioxide conversion reaction that converts carbon dioxide to useful compounds through reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon containing at least one hydroxyl group, and a carbon dioxide conversion process using the same, wherein the catalyst complex includes, as an active metal in the catalyst complex, at least one of noble metals and at least one of transition metals other than noble metals, thereby having high activity for the carbon dioxide conversion reaction.

Proposed is a catalyst complex having high activity for carbon dioxide conversion reaction that converts carbon dioxide to useful compounds through reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon containing at least one hydroxyl group, and a carbon dioxide conversion process using the same, wherein the catalyst complex includes, as an active metal in the catalyst complex, at least one of noble metals and at least one of transition metals other than noble metals, thereby having high activity for the carbon dioxide conversion reaction.

The present disclosure provides quantum dot organic ligand and preparation method thereof, quantum dot structure material, quantum-dot-containing layer, and quantum-dot-containing light emitting diode. The quantum dot organic ligand have the following structure R1-(R2).sub.n-R3, wherein R1 is a chelating group capable of chelating with a metal; R2 is a group having a conjugated electron pair, and n is a positive integer; and R3 is organic group. The conjugated electron pair structure of R2 facilitates delocalization of electrons, which can improve the transport and conduction of electrons and/or holes, thereby improving the efficiency of quantum dots and lowering the turn-on voltage.

The present disclosure provides quantum dot organic ligand and preparation method thereof, quantum dot structure material, quantum-dot-containing layer, and quantum-dot-containing light emitting diode. The quantum dot organic ligand have the following structure R1-(R2).sub.n-R3, wherein R1 is a chelating group capable of chelating with a metal; R2 is a group having a conjugated electron pair, and n is a positive integer; and R3 is organic group. The conjugated electron pair structure of R2 facilitates delocalization of electrons, which can improve the transport and conduction of electrons and/or holes, thereby improving the efficiency of quantum dots and lowering the turn-on voltage.

Disclosed is a continuous process for producing α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids or salts thereof, comprising: 1) in a first stage, contacting (a) a transition metal precursor compound comprising at least one first ligand, (b) optionally, at least one second ligand, (c) an olefin, (d) carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), and (e) a diluent to form a first composition; 2) in a second stage, contacting a polyanionic solid with the first composition to form a second composition; and 3) in a third stage, (a) contacting the second composition with a polar solvent to release a metal salt of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and form a reacted solid. Methods of regenerating the polyanionic solid are described.

Disclosed is a continuous process for producing α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids or salts thereof, comprising: 1) in a first stage, contacting (a) a transition metal precursor compound comprising at least one first ligand, (b) optionally, at least one second ligand, (c) an olefin, (d) carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), and (e) a diluent to form a first composition; 2) in a second stage, contacting a polyanionic solid with the first composition to form a second composition; and 3) in a third stage, (a) contacting the second composition with a polar solvent to release a metal salt of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and form a reacted solid. Methods of regenerating the polyanionic solid are described.

Disclosed is a continuous process for producing α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids or salts thereof, comprising: 1) in a first stage, contacting (a) a transition metal precursor compound comprising at least one first ligand, (b) optionally, at least one second ligand, (c) an olefin, (d) carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), and (e) a diluent to form a first composition; 2) in a second stage, contacting a polyanionic solid with the first composition to form a second composition; and 3) in a third stage, (a) contacting the second composition with a polar solvent to release a metal salt of an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid and form a reacted solid. Methods of regenerating the polyanionic solid are described.

A system and method with a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), including feeding carbon dioxide and an olefin to the SOEC and discharging carbon monoxide and an olefin oxide from the SOEC, wherein the olefin oxide corresponds to the olefin.

A system and method with a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC), including feeding carbon dioxide and an olefin to the SOEC and discharging carbon monoxide and an olefin oxide from the SOEC, wherein the olefin oxide corresponds to the olefin.