Provided is a method of producing an anhydride of an organic mono-acid comprising contacting an organic mono-acid and a thermally regenerable anhydride to produce the anhydride of the organic mono-acid, and either a diacid of the regenerable anhydride, a partially hydrolyzed regenerable anhydride, or both. In a particular example, acetic acid and glutaric anhydride can be reacted to form acetic anhydride.

Methods, systems, compositions, and devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as polynucleotides, are described herein. Processes described herein provide for efficient washing of residual reagents, solvents, or byproducts from previous synthetic steps to allow for the generation of polynucleotides with low error rates. Processes described herein also provide for reduction in deletion rates during chemical nucleic acid synthesis. Further, methods and devices described herein allow for the rapid construction and assembly of large libraries of highly accurate polynucleotides.

Methods, systems, compositions, and devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as polynucleotides, are described herein. Processes described herein provide for efficient washing of residual reagents, solvents, or byproducts from previous synthetic steps to allow for the generation of polynucleotides with low error rates. Processes described herein also provide for reduction in deletion rates during chemical nucleic acid synthesis. Further, methods and devices described herein allow for the rapid construction and assembly of large libraries of highly accurate polynucleotides.

Methods, systems, compositions, and devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as polynucleotides, are described herein. Processes described herein provide for efficient washing of residual reagents, solvents, or byproducts from previous synthetic steps to allow for the generation of polynucleotides with low error rates. Processes described herein also provide for reduction in deletion rates during chemical nucleic acid synthesis. Further, methods and devices described herein allow for the rapid construction and assembly of large libraries of highly accurate polynucleotides.

The present disclosure relates generally to processes and systems for distillation of acetic acid products. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a process for separating a feed stream comprising acetic acid and propionic acid in a distillation column. The process includes introducing a feed stream into the column through a feed inlet; withdrawing a first product stream comprising acetic acid and propionic acid from a first draw outlet disposed at a level above the level of the feed inlet; and withdrawing a second product stream comprising acetic acid and propionic acid from a second draw outlet disposed at a level between the level of the feed inlet and the level of the first draw outlet. The volume ratio of the first product stream to the second product stream is in the range of 1:9 to 19:1; and the amount of propionic acid present in the second product stream is at least 50 ppmw greater than the amount of propionic acid present in the first product stream.

The present disclosure relates generally to processes and systems for distillation of acetic acid products. In one aspect, the disclosure provides a process for separating a feed stream comprising acetic acid and propionic acid in a distillation column. The process includes introducing a feed stream into the column through a feed inlet; withdrawing a first product stream comprising acetic acid and propionic acid from a first draw outlet disposed at a level above the level of the feed inlet; and withdrawing a second product stream comprising acetic acid and propionic acid from a second draw outlet disposed at a level between the level of the feed inlet and the level of the first draw outlet. The volume ratio of the first product stream to the second product stream is in the range of 1:9 to 19:1; and the amount of propionic acid present in the second product stream is at least 50 ppmw greater than the amount of propionic acid present in the first product stream.

Provided is a one-pot process for preparing propionic acid, which comprises (i) treating ethylene with a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkanol, water, and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising the reaction product of (a) a Group 8 to 10 transition metal compound such as a palladium or ruthenium compound; and (b) an activating anion, at elevated temperature and pressure. The process also provides a facile, continuous process for the preparation of propionic acid via the alkoxycarbonylation of ethylene at elevated temperature and pressure followed by hydrolysis, in one reaction vessel.

Provided is a one-pot process for preparing propionic acid, which comprises (i) treating ethylene with a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkanol, water, and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising the reaction product of (a) a Group 8 to 10 transition metal compound such as a palladium or ruthenium compound; and (b) an activating anion, at elevated temperature and pressure. The process also provides a facile, continuous process for the preparation of propionic acid via the alkoxycarbonylation of ethylene at elevated temperature and pressure followed by hydrolysis, in one reaction vessel.