The subject invention relates to a genetically modified microorganism comprising a (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid pathway and being able of producing (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, and a method of preparing (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid or a salt thereof using the genetically modified microorganism.

The subject invention relates to a genetically modified microorganism comprising a (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid pathway and being able of producing (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid, and a method of preparing (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid or a salt thereof using the genetically modified microorganism.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported transition metal catalyst—containing molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium—are irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a reduced transition metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzing the reduced transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound.

Processes for converting a hydrocarbon reactant into an alcohol compound and/or a carbonyl compound are disclosed in which the hydrocarbon reactant and a supported transition metal catalyst—containing molybdenum, tungsten, or vanadium—are irradiated with a light beam at a wavelength in the UV-visible spectrum, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, to form a reduced transition metal catalyst, followed by hydrolyzing the reduced transition metal catalyst to form a reaction product containing the alcohol compound and/or the carbonyl compound.

The present invention discloses a lithium organic acid-amino acid salt. A lithium organic acid is one or more of lithium isobutyrate, lithium n-butyrate, lithium lactate, lithium citrate or lithium cholesterol; an amino acid is one of L-proline, valine, lysine or artificially synthetic amino acids; and the lithium organic acid-amino acid salt is a salt formed by the lithium organic acid and the amino acid. The present invention further discloses a crystal form, a preparation method and an application of the salt. The lithium organic acid-amino acid salt of the present invention has a positive curative effect and a preventive effect on recurrent episodes of mania and depression in bipolar disorder, and can delay degenerative changes of the central nervous system to realize better distribution in the central nervous system.

The present invention relates to a method of extracting at least one selected from carbonic acid, aliphatic acid, aliphatic acid ester and aliphatic alcohol from an aqueous medium, the method comprising the steps: (a) contacting the carbonic acid, aliphatic acid, aliphatic acid ester and/or aliphatic alcohol in the aqueous medium with an extracting medium containing at least one alkyl-phosphine oxide for a time sufficient to extract the carbonic acid, aliphatic acid, aliphatic acid ester and/or aliphatic alcohol from the aqueous medium into the extracting medium, and (b) separating the extracting medium with the extracted carbonic acid, aliphatic acid, aliphatic acid ester and/or aliphatic alcohol from the aqueous medium, characterized in, that the at least one alkyl-phosphine oxide contains at least two different alkyl radicals per alkyl-phosphine oxide molecule and the aqueous medium in (a) contains a microorganism, preferably a living microorganism, producing the carbonic acid, aliphatic acid, aliphatic acid ester and/or aliphatic alcohol.

The present invention relates to a method of extracting at least one selected from carbonic acid, aliphatic acid, aliphatic acid ester and aliphatic alcohol from an aqueous medium, the method comprising the steps: (a) contacting the carbonic acid, aliphatic acid, aliphatic acid ester and/or aliphatic alcohol in the aqueous medium with an extracting medium containing at least one alkyl-phosphine oxide for a time sufficient to extract the carbonic acid, aliphatic acid, aliphatic acid ester and/or aliphatic alcohol from the aqueous medium into the extracting medium, and (b) separating the extracting medium with the extracted carbonic acid, aliphatic acid, aliphatic acid ester and/or aliphatic alcohol from the aqueous medium, characterized in, that the at least one alkyl-phosphine oxide contains at least two different alkyl radicals per alkyl-phosphine oxide molecule and the aqueous medium in (a) contains a microorganism, preferably a living microorganism, producing the carbonic acid, aliphatic acid, aliphatic acid ester and/or aliphatic alcohol.

A process for preparing a recycle content (C.sub.4)alkanoic acid (i.e., butyric acid and/or isobutyric acid) derived from a recycle propylene composition, a recycle (C.sub.4)alkanal are provided.

A process for preparing a recycle content (C.sub.4)alkanoic acid (i.e., butyric acid and/or isobutyric acid) derived from a recycle propylene composition, a recycle (C.sub.4)alkanal are provided.

The present invention discloses a newly high-efficiency method for co-production of carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone based on the aerobic oxidation, that is, under the developed catalytic system, the aldehyde is oxidized to corresponding carboxylic acid while cyclohexanone is oxidized to ε-caprolactone, realizes the co-production of carboxylic acid and ε-caprolactone. The salient features of this method include the use of cheap and readily available substrates, mild reaction conditions, environmentally friendly, and easy operation. It can realize the co-production of carboxylic acid and high value-added ε-caprolactone.